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Part I. Agenda Setting for the Urban Future with a Green Urban Economy

Green Urban Economy : Agenda Setting for the Urban Future / Monika Zimmermann ; Richard Simpson=3

Part II. Setting a Green Economy Agenda for Cities

Introduction : A Green Economy for Green Cities / Richard Simpson=13

New Urban Spaces : The Emergence of Green Economies / Kenneth K. Odero=17

Environmental Discourse and Economic Growth in the Greening of Postindustrial Cities / Corina McKendry=23

Sustainable Urban Transformation and the Green Urban Economy / Kes McCormick ; Stefan Anderberg ; Lena Neij=33

Green Cities : Benefits of Urban Sustainability / Essam Hassan Mohamed Ahmed=45

Working in Green Cities : Improving the Urban Environment While Creating Jobs and Enhancing Working Conditions / Edmundo Werna=57

Sustainable Development for Cities and Citizens : Green Housing, Employment and Transport / Asif Kabani ; Maliha A. Kabani=71

Cities and the Green Economy / Philipp Rode=79

Green Cities into Practice / Vito Albino ; Rosa Maria Dangelico=99

Emerging-Market Cities Could Set a New Standard for Sustainable Development / Jonathan Woetzel ; Shannon N. Bouton ; Molly Lindsay=115

Part III. Joining Forces to Accelerate Action

Introduction : Joining Forces to Accelerate Action / Phoebe Stirling=125

Accelerating Green Urban Growth / Bernd Hendriksen ; Eric Copius Peereboom=129

Linking Green City Politics with Green Business / Ulrich Mans ; Sara Meerow=149

Policy Instruments for Promoting a Green Urban Economy : The Changing Role of the State / Golam Rasul=161

Local Sustainability : Driving Green Urban Economies Through Public Engagement / Rosalie Callway=175

We Know Enough : Achieving Action Through the Convergence of Sustainable Community Development and the Social Economy / Sean Connelly ; Sean Markey ; Mark Roseland=191

Seven Conditions for Effective Green Governance / Rula Taher Qalyoubi=205

Part IV. Strategies and Approaches for Greening Urban Economies

Introduction : Strategies and Approaches to Greening Urban Sectors / Shay Kelleher=217

The Economics of Low Carbon Cities : Approaches to a City-Scale Mini-Stern Review / Andy Gouldson ; Niall Kerr ; Corrado Topi ; Johan Kuylenstierna ; Richard Pearce=221

City Development Strategies and the Transition Towards a Green Urban Economy / Le-Yin Zhang=231

Low Carbon Enterprise Zones : Towards a Fossil Fuel Free City Economy / Philip Monaghan=241

Green Clusters and the Entrepreneurial Local Government : Portland's Economic Development Strategy / Shay Kelleher ; Art von Lehe=249

Green Cities Require Green Housing : Advancing the Economic and Environmental Sustainability of Housing and Slum Upgrading in Cities in Developing Countries / Matthew A. French ; Christophe Lalande=257

EcoMobility and Its Benefits in an Urban Context / Santhosh Kodukula=285

Assessing the Cost of Groundwater Degradation in the Urbanizing Desert Area of Wadi EI Natrun / Caroline King ; Boshra Salem=295

Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of Domestic Grey Water : An Instrument of the Green Economy to Realize the Millennium Development Goals / Gopalsamy Poyyamoli ; Golda Arpudhalin Edwin ; Nandhivarman Muthu=313

Decentralized Composting in Asian Cities : Lessons Learned and Future Potential in Meeting the Green Urban Economy / Dickella Gamaralalage Jagath Premakumara=323

Biodiversity and Culture, Two Key Ingredients for a Truly Green Urban Economy : Learning from Agriculture and Forestry Policies in Kanazawa City, Japan / Raquel Moreno-Peñaranda=337

An Economic Assessment of the Deforestation of Ghana's Garden City of West Africa / Jonathan Dagadu Quartey=351

Financing a Green Urban Economy : The Potential of the Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) / Maike Sippel ; Axel Michaelowa=363

Part V. Experiences and Examples from City Governments

Introduction : Experiences and Examples from City Governments / Steven Bland=371

Synergies Between Environment and Economy Within a City Administration―Experiences Made by the City of Hannover, Germany / Hans Mönninghoff=375

Auckland Council : Creating a Transformational Shift Towards a Sustainable Eco-Economy / Paul Chambers ; Andrew Walters=381

Sustainable Urban Development Policy in the Region of Flanders / Jan De Mulder=391

Greening the Local Economy Through Municipal Sustainable Procurement Policies : Implementation Challenges and Successes in Western Canada / Andrew Kemp ; Amelia Clarke=405

City of Raleigh Office of Sustainability : Green Building Training Program / Lynn Graham ; Emily Steele ; Anna Leonard ; Jen Baker ; Julian Prosser=417

Changing to a Sustainable Socio-Economic System : A Challenge for Kyoto as a Historic City / Makoto Ueda=425

Index=435

List of Boxes

Box 1. Green Urban Economy Agenda is Simultaneously Goal and Journey=4

Box 2. Green Urban Economy Core Messages=5

Box 3. Example of Local Action for Greening the(Urban) Economy : Municipalities=6

Box 1. Encouraging Building Owners to Go Ahead with Energy Renovations=132

Box 2. Berlin : Energy Saving Partnerships=134

Box 3=143

Box 4. Status on Green Business Zones(Low Carbon Economic Zones)=144

Box 1. Green Finance and Green Procurement Policy in China=168

Box 2. Ecological Fiscal Transfers : The Case of Brazil=168

Box 1. Making the Best Use of Local Powers in California and Tokyo=247

List of Tables

Table 1. The green cities practices matrix applied to Stockholm=103

Table 2. The green cities practices matrix applied to Hamburg=106

Table 3. The green cities practices matrix applied to Vitoria-Gasteiz=108

Table 4. The green cities practices matrix applied to Nantes=110

Table 1. Characteristics of regulatory and economic policy instruments=167

Table 1. Participative tools for an 'inclusive' green economy=187

Table 2. 'Development Dividend' sustainability indicators=188

Table 1. Selection of FCM sustainable community award winners 2011(Adapted from FCM 2012)=199

Table 1. Examples of LCEZs from around the world=243

Table 2. Common and unique features of LCEZs=244

Table 3. Initial drivers for establishing LCEZs=245

Table 1. Menu of methods for valuation of changing groundwater conditions(adapted from DeFries et al. 2005 ; Bolt et al. 2005 ; Hussain and Gundimeda 2010)=298

Table 2. Ecosystem services in the study area and their exposure to groundwater threats(after Zahran and Willis 2009 ; Salem et al. forthcoming)=306

Table 1. Composition of the greywater generated from various sources=318

Table 2. Annual water saving by using treated greywater=319

Table 1. Basic facts on solid waste management in Surabaya City, 2010(Surabaya City 2011) compiled by the author=325

Table 2. Basic facts of the pilot composting center in Rungkot Lor, Surabaya(KITA 2007) compiled by the author=326

Table 3. Basic information of the existing decentralized compost centers in Surabaya, 2010(Surabaya City 2011) compiled by Abe and Premakumara=328

Table 4. Basic facts on solid waste management in Matale City, 2010(Jayaratne 2009) compiled by the author=330

Table 5. Basic facts of the pilot composting center in Gongawela, Matale(Chularathne et al. 2007) compiled by the author=331

Table 6. New user charges system introduced in the pilot area(Chularathne et al. 2007) compiled by the author=332

Table 1. Production of the varieties currently designated under the Kaga vegetables brand. Source : Kanazawa City Agriculture Center(2007)=343

Table 1. Percentage land use change trends in Kumasi from 1986 to 2007, in hectares(derived from Tontoh 2011)=354

Table 2. Factors influencing price of land in Kumasi(author's fieldwork 2011)=359

Table 3. Assessment of drivers of WTP for one tree in the KFR(author's fieldwork 2011)=359

Table 1. Comparison of Auckland, New Zealand with reduction targets of selected international cities=387

Table 1. Participating governments and their related procurement policies=409

Table 2. Motivations identified in the literature and by interviewees=410

Table 3. Barriers identified in the literature and by interviewees=412

List of Figures

Fig. 1. This figure shows different ways to understand the relationship between sustainable urban transformation and the green urban economy―depicted as either overlapping concepts or integrated concepts=34

Fig. 2. This figure shows two dimensions of sustainable urban transformation―drivers of change and sustainable urban structures=37

Fig. 1. Deaths from environmental risks in 2004, WHO(2012)=62

Fig. 2. Disability adjusted life years from environmental risks in 2004, WHO(2012)=62

Fig. 1. Carbon emissions and income for selected countries and cities=81

Fig. 2. Capacity and infrastructure costs of different transport systems=83

Fig. 3. Enabling conditions, institutional strength and democratic maturity=91

Fig. 4. Selected financing instruments=94

Fig. 1. Eighteen indicators of urban sustainability, Urban China Initiative(Urban China 2010)=117

Fig. 1. Seven enablers that accelerate the green urban economy(Hendriksen et al. 2012)=130

Fig. 2. Typical sources of funds for city governments(Brookes 2011)=136

Fig. 3. European city typology grid(Hendriksen et al. 2010)=139

Fig. 1. The EIU green city index―global coverage(until November 2011)=152

Fig. 2. Thirty-three cities and their respective scores for being 'green'(EIU 2010a, b and own estimates)=54

Fig. 3. Correlation between green business and green politics=155

Fig. 4. Renewable energy business sub-sectors for 13 selected cities=155

Fig. 1. 'Limits to Growth' model projections relating a growing population, resources and pollution, with an additional timescale between 1900 and 2100(Hall and Day 2009)=177

Fig. 2. Key steps in participative processes―overview=186

Fig. 1. Community capital framework=195

Fig. 1. Impacts on carbon footprint=227

Fig. 1. Sectors of the green economy according to recent studies(Adapted from Chapple 2008)=236

Fig. 1. A framework for governing LCEZs=246

Fig. 1. Situation analysis identifying the key trends and challenges of the green economy in the housing sector in developing countries=266

Fig. 2. Integrated Housing Development Programme condominium units in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(© Katherine Hegab)=267

Fig. 3. Slum upgrading often involves the improvement of the physical environment, regularization of tenure, and promoting socio-economic development. This example is of a new street in Kibera, Nairobi(© Matthew French)=268

Fig. 4. Barrio Carioca in Rio de Janeiro is being constructed for households earning between 0 and 3 minimum wages as part of the Brazilian 'My House, My Life' program, which is showing promise of supplying housing to low-income households(© Matthew French)=269

Fig. 5. Cities throughout Latin America have a considerable stock of informally-built consolidated housing that will remain for decades to come and therefore needs retrofitting. Buenos Aires, Argentina(© Matthew French)=270

Fig. 6. Retrofitted housing in Cato Manor, Durban, South Africa(© Photo courtesy of Green Building Council of South Africa. Photographer : Willem De Lange)=271

Fig. 7. Upgrading post-war housing blocks in the Czech Republic(© Matthew French)=272

Fig. 8. Stabilized soil block technology in use in Sudan(© Fernando Murillo)=274

Fig. 1. Flow diagram of the grey water treatment system=318

Fig. 1. Pusdakota's compost center in Rungkot Lor, Surabaya=327

Fig. 2. Sevanatha's compost center in Gongawela, Matale=332

Fig. 1. Location of the city on Kanazawa in Japan(left) ; main land uses and geographical elements of the municipality(right). Source : United Nations University Media Center=340

Fig. 2. The 15 varieties currently under the Kaga vegetables designation, including bulb, fruit, leaf, root, stalk and tuber vegetables. Source : Kanazawa Kaga Vegetables Association=342

Fig. 3. Vegitan, official image of the Kaga vegetables brand=344

Fig. 4. Basic framework of the local forestry policy for revitalization of traditional forest uses. Source : Kanazawa City(2011)=347

Fig. 1. The Auckland Plan=382

Fig. 2. Vision for a proposed Auckland waterfront development=383

Fig. 3. Local boards of the Auckland Council=384

Fig. 4. Auckland Mayor Len Brown=386

Fig. 5. Vision of Auckland's Queen Street=386

Fig. 1. According to the Urban Land Institute magazine, Raleigh took fifth place among metropolitan areas posting the highest total economic growth. From 2007 to 2010, Raleigh realized 10.5% growth in its gross domestic product=419

Fig. 2. Students perform hands-on installation of rooftop solar panels at Wake Technical Community College=420

Fig. 3. BPI participants identify air leakage and solutions during Building Analyst training=420

Fig. 4. Raleigh's leadership in LEDs is dramatically illustrated by the iconic Cree Shimmer Wall adorning the west face of the LEED Silver-certified Raleigh Convention Center=423

Fig. 1. Change in the amount of emission of greenhouse gases(GHGs) in Kyoto=427

Fig. 2. Departmental and modes of reduction countermeasure's reduction potential(2030)=428

Fig. 3. Changes taken place in the number of subsidy cases for the house solar photovoltaic system=428

Fig. 4. A photovoltaic panel roof installation=429

Fig. 5. Scheme of the system of DO YOU KYOTO? Credit=430

Fig. 6. Changes in the number of used cooking oil collecting points=431

Fig. 7. A used cooking oil collection point=431

Fig. 8. A Kyoto City facility for used cooking oil fuel established in 2004, producing 5,000 1 per day=432

Fig. 9. EV car sharing(renting to citizens and enterprises)=433

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출판사 책소개

알라딘제공
This volume bridges the gap between the global promotion of the Green Economy and the manifestation of this new development strategy at the urban level. Green cities are an imperative solution, not only in meeting global environmental challenges but also in helping to ensure socio-economic prosperity at the local level.

This book brings together thoughts, approaches, facts and arguments for translating the debate on green economy at the local level. It offers insights in reducing future costs and ecological scarcities.

New feature

Green Economy is a key theme of the June 2012 Rio+20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development. The inclusive Green Urban Economy approach embodies a challenge to local government leaders and city practitioners to apply existing tools and methods in new ways to develop innovative approaches by engaging economic-environmental considerations and stakeholders in a much more active fashion.

?

This volume bridges the gap between the global promotion of the Green Economy and the manifestation of this new development strategy at the urban level. Green cities are an imperative solution, not only in meeting global environmental challenges but also in helping to ensure socio-economic prosperity at the local level.

?

Environmentalists must learn to understand the language and dynamics of the economy, and to combine important economic interests (such as cost savings) with ecological interests (such as saving of resources). Business and economic leaders must also understand and accommodate ecological interests to advance social improvement and sustainable development.

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The editors compiled contributions of varying perspectives and practical experiences from the emerging fields of environmental economics, urban development and green cities, along with concrete examples from city governments.

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The Economy of Green Cities documents and demonstrates the different layers of knowledge required for a Green Urban Economy. The compendium supports researchers, business thinkers and practitioners to explore, detail and discuss an urban Green Economy agenda.