영문목차

Preface=xxiii

Acknowledgments=xxv

Chapter 1. A Supreme Court=1

A. External Perspective=1

Foreword : A Judge on Judging : The Role of a Supreme Court in a Democracy / Aharon Barak=1

Notes and Questions=4

B. Early Disagreement=6

The Federalist No. 78 / Alexander Hamilton=7

Address to U.S. House of Representatives : Amendments to the Constitution / James Madison=8

Marbury v. Madison=9

Letter to Spencer Roane / Thomas Jefferson=10

Veto Message Regarding the Bank of the United States / Andrew Jackson=10

Notes and Questions=11

C. A Modern Difficulty=13

The Least Dangerous Branch : The Supreme Court at the Bar of Politics / Alexander M. Bickel=13

Accountability, Liberty, and the Constitution / Rebecca L. Brown=14

Notes and Questions=16

D. The Supreme Court of the United States=17

Chapter 2. The Justices=21

A. The Justices Throughout History : A Group Portrait=22

B. Selecting the Justices=24

1. An Evolving Process : A Short History of Supreme Court Nominations=24

2. Presidential Selection=28

Pursuit of Justices : Presidential Politics and the Selection of Supreme Court Nominees / David Alistair Yalof=30

Bush Got a Conservative High Court, with Caveats / Tony Mauro=34

Notes and Questions=37

3. Senate Confirmation=39

a. The Campaign for the Hearts and Minds of the Public=40

Robert Bork's America / Edward Kennedy [Sen.]=40

Nice Disguise : Alito's Frightening Geniality / Andrew M. Siegel=41

A Latina Judge's Voice / Sonia Sotomayor=44

Notes and Questions=50

b. Nominees Present Themselves : Statements Before the Senate Judiciary Committee=50

Statement of John Roberts=51

Statement of Clarence Thomas=52

Statement of Ruth Bader Ginsburg=54

Statement of Sonia Sotomayor=56

Notes and Questions=57

c. Questioning Before the Judiciary Committee=58

Excerpt from the Sotomayor Hearings=59

Notes and Questions=69

d. The Confirmation Vote=70

The Senate, the Constitution, and the Confirmation Process / David A. Strauss ; Cass R. Sunstein=71

The Limited Nature of the Senate's Advice and Consent Role / John C. Eastman=72

Hearing Remarks / Marcia Greenberger=72

Floor Remarks on the Roberts Nomination / Barack Obama [Sen.]=73

Floor Remarks on the Alito Nomination / Barack Obama [Sen.]=76

Floor Remarks on the Sotomayor Nomination / Lindsey Graham [Sen.]=76

C. The Current Justices=79

1. Chief Justice John G. Roberts=79

2. Justice Antonin Scalia=81

3. Justice Anthony Kennedy=83

4. Justice Clarence Thomas=85

5. Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg=86

6. Justice Stephen Breyer=87

7. Justice Samuel Alito=89

8. Justice Sonia Sotomayor=90

9. Justice Elena Kagan=91

Chapter 3. Jurisdiction=93

A. Article III's Distribution of Original and Appellate Jurisdiction to the Court=93

B. Original Jurisdiction=94

1. Statute and Court Rule=94

a. Statute=94

28 U.S.C. §1251=94

Notes and Questions=95

b. Court Rule=96

Notes and Questions=96

2. Marbury v. Madison=97

Marbury v. Madison=97

Notes and Questions=99

3. Controversies Between Two or More States=99

The Supreme Court and Sovereign States / Charles Warren=99

Rhode Island v. Massachusetts=100

Notes and Questions=102

Missouri v. Illinois=102

Notes and Questions=103

Ohio v. Wyandotte Chemicals Corp.=104

Notes and Questions=107

Maryland v. Louisiana=108

Notes and Questions=112

4. Actions by the United States Against a State=114

United States v. Texas=114

Notes and Questions=116

5. Actions by a Foreign State Against a State=117

Principality of Monaco v. Mississippi=117

Notes and Questions=119

6. Actions by a Native American Tribe Against a State=120

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia=120

Notes and Questions=121

7. Actions by a State Against a Citizen of Another State=122

South Carolina v. Katzenbach=122

Notes and Questions=122

C. Appellate Jurisdiction=123

1. Review of Federal Court Decisions=123

a. Overview=123

b. Statutes=124

28 U.S.C. §1254=124

28 U.S.C. §2101=125

c. Summary of Five Restrictions on Court's Review of Cases from the Federal Courts of Appeals=125

d. The Requirement of a Case "in" a Court of Appeals=126

United States v. Nixon=126

Notes and Questions=128

e. The Rule Disfavoring Review of Nonfinal Judgments of the Courts of Appeals=130

United States v. Virginia=130

Virginia Military Institute v. United States=131

Notes and Questions=132

f. The Rule Disfavoring Grant of Petition by Party Prevailing in the Court of Appeals=133

Camreta v. Greene=133

Note & Question=139

g. The Rule Disfavoring Review of Determinations of State Law by Courts of Appeals=139

Leavitt v. Jane L.=139

Notes and Questions=141

h. The Rule Disfavoring Review of Issues Not Pressed or Passed Upon Below=141

United States v. Williams=141

Notes and Questions=144

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission=144

Notes and Questions=146

2. Review of State Court Decisions=147

a. Statutes=147

28 U.S.C. §1257=147

28 U.S.C. §2101=147

Notes and Questions=148

b. The "Pressed or Passed Upon" Rule=149

Illinois v. Gates=149

Notes and Questions=153

c. The Adequate and Independent State Ground Doctrine=154

Herb v. Pitcairn=154

Notes and Questions=156

Michigan v. Long=158

Notes and Questions=161

d. The Finality Requirement=163

Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn=163

Notes and Questions=168

Flynt v. Ohio=168

Notes and Questions=170

Chapter 4. Certiorari=173

A. Historical Development of the Court's Certiorari Docket=174

1. The Introduction of Certiorari via the Evarts Act of 1891=174

Forsyth v. City of Hammond=175

The Meaning of Certiorari Denials / Peter Linzer=176

2. The Expansion of Certiorari Leading to the Judges' Bill of 1925=177

Dick v. New York Life Insurance Co.=178

Notes and Questions=179

3. Supreme Court Case Selections Act of 1988=180

4. The Court's Shrinking Docket=180

The Supreme Court's Plenary Docket / Margaret Meriwether Cordray ; Richard Cordray=181

Notes and Questions=182

B. Substantive Considerations Impacting Certiorari Decisions : What Makes a Case Certworthy?=184

1. Rule-Based Considerations=184

Rule 10. Considerations Governing Review on Certiorari=184

a. Conflict and Importance=185

Overvaluing Uniformity / Amanda Frost=185

Notes and Questions=187

b. Legal Rather Than Factual Issues=188

Dick v. New York Life Insurance Co.=189

Notes and Questions=191

2. Other Considerations : Ideological, Strategic and Jurisprudential Factors=191

The Philosophy of Certiorari : Jurisprudential Considerations in Supreme Court Case Selection / Margaret Meriwether Cordray ; Richard Cordray=191

Setting the Social Agenda : Deciding to Review High-Profile Cases at the Supreme Court / Margaret Meriwether Cordray ; Richard Cordray=201

Notes and Questions=203

C. Procedural Considerations : The Process of Deciding to Decide=204

1. Preparation and Filing of Certiorari Briefs by the Litigants=204

a. Drafting Petitions for Certiorari=205

Tips on Petitioning for Certiorari in the U.S. Supreme Court / Timothy S. Bishop ; Jeffrey W. Sarles ; Stephen J. Kane=205

b. Drafting Briefs in Opposition and Reply Briefs=208

Tips on Petitioning and Opposing Certiorari in the U.S. Supreme Court / Timothy S. Bishop ; Jeffrey W. Sarles ; Stephen J. Kane=208

c. Sample Cert Filings from Bowers v. Hardwick=211

i. The Petition for a Writ of Certiorari=212

ii. The Brief in Opposition=218

iii. The Reply Brief=224

Notes and Questions=226

2. In-Chambers Review of Cert Papers and the Role of the Cert Pool=226

a. An Introduction to the Cert Pool=227

The Supreme Court / William H. Rehnquist=227

The "Bermuda Triangle?" The Cert Pool and Its Influence over the Supreme Court's Agenda / Barbara Palmer=228

b. Sample Certiorari Memos=234

i. Cert Pool Memo in Bowers=235

ii. Memo to Justice Powell from His Law Clerk in Bowers=248

iii. Cert Pool Memo in Perreault v. Fishman=250

Notes and Questions=251

3. The Discuss List=252

The Discuss List : Agenda Building in the Supreme Court / Gregory Caldeira ; John R. Wright=253

4. Voting at Conference and the Rule of Four=254

The Life Span of a Judge-Made Rule / John Paul Stevens=255

Join-3 Votes Rule of Four, the Cert. Pool, and the Supreme Court's Shrinking Plenary Docket / David M. O'Brien=259

Notes and Questions=260

D. Certiorari Denials=261

1. The (In?)significance of Cert Denials=261

Maryland v. Baltimore Radio Show=261

Case Selection in the United States Supreme Court / Doris Marie Provine=262

Notes and Questions=263

2. Dissents from Denials of Certiorari=263

Singleton v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue=264

Notes and Questions=266

E. Proposals for Certiorari Reform=266

1. The Freund Report's Attempt to Deal with an Overloaded Docket=267

Report of the Study Group on the Caseload of the Supreme Court / Federal Judicial Center=267

Notes and Questions=270

2. Current Calls for Cert Reform in an Era of a Shrunken Docket=270

Judicial Independence in Excess : Reviving the Judicial Duty of the Supreme Court / Paul D. Carrington ; Roger C. Cramton=270

Notes and Questions=272

Setting the Supreme Court's Agenda : Is There a Place for Certification? / Amanda Tyler=273

Notes and Questions=276

Docket Capture at the High Court / Richard J. Lazarus=276

Notes and Questions=280

Constraining Certiorari Using Administrative Law Principles / Kathryn A. Watts=281

Notes and Questions=285

Chapter 5. Written Advocacy=287

A. The Briefing Schedule=288

Rule 25. Briefs on the Merits : Number of Copies and Time to File=289

B. Merits Briefs=290

1. Elements of the Brief=291

Rule 24. Briefs on the Merits : In General=291

Notes and Questions=292

2. Preparing an Effective Merits Brief=295

a. The Advocate's Task=295

Some Suggestions on Preparing Briefs on the Merits in the Supreme Court of the United States / James vanR. Springer=295

Notes and Questions=298

b. Focus on Principle=299

The Appellate Brief / Wiley Rutledge=299

Notes and Questions=300

c. Framing the Case=302

How to Write a Good Appellate Brief / Andrew L. Frey ; Roy T. Engelert, Jr.=302

Five Ways to Write Like Paul Clement / Ross Guberman=304

Notes and Questions=305

3. Advice from the Justices=305

Interviews with the United States Supreme Court Justices / Bryan A. Garner=305

Notes and Questions=310

4. Sample Merits Briefs from Lawrence v. Texas=310

Excerpts from the Petitioners' Brief=311

Notes and Questions=328

Excerpts from the Respondent's Brief=330

Notes and Questions=348

Excerpts from the Reply Brief=349

Notes and Questions=356

C. Amicus Briefs=356

1. The Role of the Amicus=357

Rule 37. Brief for an Amicus Curiae=357

An Empirical Study of Amici Curiae in Federal Court : A Fine Balance of Access, Efficiency, and Adversarialism / Linda Sandstrom Simard=357

The Sometimes Troubled Relationship Between Courts and Their "Friends" / Paul M. Smith=362

Notes and Questions=366

2. Effective Amicus Briefing=368

The Influence of Amicus Curiae Briefs in the Supreme Court / Joseph D. Kearney ; Thomas W. Merrill=368

Best Friends? Supreme Court Law Clerks on Effective Amicus Curiae Briefs / Kelly J. Lynch=373

How University Got Support of Military Leaders : Diversity Brief by Ex-Officials Came Together over Four Years / Jonathan Groner=377

Notes and Questions=379

3. Sample Amicus Briefs=380

The "Generals' Brief" in Grutter v. Bollinger=381

The "Historians' Brief" in Lawrence v. Texas=384

The Brief of Alabama and Several Other States in Roper v. Simmons=389

Notes and Questions=394

Chapter 6. Oral Argument=397

A. Setting the Stage=397

1. The Supreme Court Building=398

The Nine : Inside the Secret World of the Supreme Court / Jeffrey Toobin=398

Notes and Questions=399

2. The Supreme Court Courtroom=399

B. Court Rules=401

Rule 28. Oral Argument=401

Notes and Questions=402

C. What Should Happen Before and At Oral Argument=402

1. The Court's Guide for Counsel=403

Guide for Counsel in Cases to Be Argued Before the Supreme Court of the United States / U.S. Supreme Court=403

Notes and Questions=408

2. Advice from Experts=409

a. The Purposes of Oral Argument=409

Oral Argument in the Supreme Court of the United States / Stephen M. Shapiro=409

The Supreme Court / William H. Rehnquist=411

Notes and Questions=411

b. Preparing for Oral Argument=412

Preparing for Oral Argument in the United States Supreme Court / Richard H. Seamon=412

Notes and Questions=415

c. Delivery of Oral Argument=416

Thoughts on Presenting an Effective Oral Argument / John G. Roberts, Jr.=416

Notes and Questions=418

Supreme Court and Appellate Advocacy / David C. Frederick=422

Notes and Questions=423

D. What Does Happen at Oral Argument=424

Lawrence v. Texas, Oral Argument Transcript=425

Notes and Questions=441

E. The Importance of Oral Argument=442

1. Evolution of Oral Argument=442

Supreme Court and Appellate Advocacy / David C. Frederick=442

Notes and Questions=444

A Discourse Commemorative of Daniel Webster : Delivered Before the Faculty, Students, Alumni of Dartmouth College, July 27, 1858 / Rufus Choate=445

Notes and Questions=447

2. Impact of Oral Argument=447

a. Views of the Justices=448

The Supreme Court / William H. Rehnquist=448

Notes and Questions=448

b. Views of Political Scientists=449

Oral Advocacy Before the United States Supreme Court : Does It Affect the Justices' Decisions? / Timothy R. Johnson ; James F. Spriggs II ; Paul Wahlbeck=449

3. The Effect of Oral Advocacy Conditional on Justice Ideology=451

Notes and Questions=452

Chapter 7. Deciding Cases=453

A. Process=453

1. The Conference=453

The Supreme Court / William H. Rehnquist=454

Notes and Questions=458

2. Case Study : Conference in Miranda v. Arizona=462

The Supreme Court in Conference(1940-1985) / Del Dickson=463

Notes and Questions=465

3. The Assignment=467

The Supreme Court / William H. Rehnquist=467

Five Chiefs / John Paul Stevens=468

Notes and Questions=469

4. Opinion Writing and Negotiation=470

Storm Center : The Supreme Court in American Politics / David M. O'Brien=471

The Supreme Court / William H. Rehnquist=473

The Choices Justices Make / Lee Epstein ; Jack Knight=476

Notes and Questions=485

5. Case Study : Opinion Writing and Negotiation in Miranda v. Arizona=487

a. Background=487

Super Chief : Earl Warren and His Supreme Court―A Judicial Biography / Bernard Schwartz=487

b. Internal Documents=490

i. Chief Justice Warren's Conference Notes=490

ii. First Paragraph of Chief Justice Warren's Majority Opinion=496

iii. Race Removed=500

iv. Rigid Rules?=502

v. Justice Brennan's Unpublished Concurrence=506

vi. Brown and Miranda=510

6. Separate Opinions=510

The Opinion Delivery Practices of the United States Supreme Court 1790-1945 / John P. Kelsh=510

The Dissenting Opinion / Antonin Scalia=519

Notes and Questions=523

B. Model Opinions=526

1. Bond v. United States : Rehnquist's Majority Opinion=527

Notes and Questions=529

2. Bond v. United States : Breyer's Dissenting Opinion=533

Notes and Questions=535

3. Lawrence v. Texas : Kennedy's Majority Opinion=536

Notes and Questions=545

4. Lawrence v. Texas : O'Connor's Concurring Opinion=547

Notes and Questions=550

5. Lawrence v. Texas : Scalia's Dissenting Opinion=551

Notes and Questions=561

6. Lawrence v. Texas : Thomas's Dissenting Opinion=564

Notes and Questions=564

7. Zedner v. United States : Alito's Majority Opinion=565

Notes and Questions=574

8. Zedner v. United States : Scalia's Dissenting Opinion=575

Notes and Questions=576

Chapter 8. Contemporary Issues Facing the Court=577

A. Diversity at the Court=577

1. The Justices=577

Circuit Effects : How the Norm of Federal Judicial Experience Biases the Supreme Court / Lee Epstein ; Andrew D. Martin ; Kevin M. Quinn ; Jeffrey A. Segal=578

Notes and Questions=580

2. The Law Clerks=583

a. Gender Diversity Among Law Clerks=583

The Supreme Court : A Place for Women / Ruth Bader Ginsburg=584

Notes=586

b. Racial Diversity Among Law Clerks=586

Courtiers of the Marble Palace : The Rise and Influence of the Supreme Court Law Clerk / Todd C. Peppers=586

Notes and Questions=588

c. Causes of the Lack of Diversity and Potential Solutions=588

Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations for the House of Representatives=589

White Marble Walls and Marble White Males / Jeff Bleich & Kelly Klaus=593

Notes and Questions=596

3. The Advocates=597

Advocacy Matters Before and Within the Supreme Court : Transforming the Court by Transforming the Bar / Richard J. Lazarus=598

Notes and Questions=602

B. The Court and the Public Eye=603

1. Televising the Court=604

C-SPAN's Long and Winding Road to a Still Un-Televised Supreme Court / Bruce D. Collins=606

Just a Matter of Time? Video Cameras at the United States Supreme Court and the State Supreme Courts / Robert L. Brown=608

Notes and Questions=611

2. Releasing the Justices' Papers=612

Public Papers of Supreme Court Justices : Assuring Preservation and Access : Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Regulation and Government Information of the Committee on Governmental Affairs=613

Notes and Questions=615

3. Confidentiality and Leaks=616

a. Controversy Surrounding Closed Chambers=616

Conduct Unbecoming / Alex Kozinski=616

Notes and Questions=619

b. Controversy Surrounding Bush v. Gore=621

The Supreme Court's Excessive Secrecy : Why It Isn't Merited / Edward Lazarus=621

Notes and Questions=624

c. The Affordable Care Act Case=624

Notes and Questions=625

Appendix A. Selected Constitutional and Statutory Provisions=627

Appendix B. Rules of the Supreme Court of the United States=637

Index=675