2.1. The evolution of inequality in 30 countries (Gini coefficients)=17

2.2. The time and country coverage of Gini, LIS, and OECD income inequality data : (a) GINI database (b) OECD database (c) LIS database=17

2.3. The evolution of inequality in European Continental Welfare States=22

2.4. The evolution of inequality in Nordic EU countries and the Netherlands=23

2.5. The evolution of inequality in English-speaking liberal countries=24

2.6. The evolution of inequality in Mediterranean European countries=25

2.7. The evolution of inequality in Japan and Korea=26

2.8. The evolution of inequality in post-socialist European transition countries=26

2.9. Patterns of inequality change in post-socialist transition countries where the Gini growth was 10 points or more=27

2.10. Patterns of inequality change in post-socialist transition countries where the Gini growth was less than 10 points=28

2.11. Some examples of the joint availability of Gini and poverty data : potential for Gini-to-poverty comparisons=31

2.12. The joint movement of Gini and poverty―some exemplary patterns under growing, declining and unchanged inequality scenarios=33

3.1. Purchasing power parity converted to GDP per capita relative to the United States=50

3.2. Longer run trends in income inequality in Australia, 1981-2 to 2009-10 Gini coefficient=51

3.3. Trends in real mean and median income unit incomes in Australia, early 1980s to late 2000s=52

3.4. Trends in real incomes at decile points in Australia, mid 1990s to late 2000s=52

3.5. Trends in income poverty rates in Australia, 1981-2 to 2009-10 per cent of income units in poverty=53

3.6. Unemployment rate, Australia, 1978 to 2012=58

5.1. Dynamics of income inequality in terms of the Gini coefficient, 1980-2011=98

5.2. Gross and net Gini coefficients in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, 1980-2010=99

5.3. Unemployment rate in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, 1989-2011=100

5.4. Fertility rates and income inequality, 1989-2010=107

5.5. Voter turnout in general elections (%) and income inequality=112

5.6. Perception of income inequality among the inhabitants of the Baltic States (%)=114

6.1. Employment and unemployment rates, Belgium, 1983-2011=131

6.2. Net disposable income at minimum wage relative to median equivalized disposable household income (%), 1992, 2001 and 2009=142

6.3. Social minima as percentage of net national income per capita, 1971-2009=144

6.4. The social distribution of government investment in subsidized childcare, Flanders, 2005=145

7.1. Evolution of income inequality, Gini coefficient, 1980-2010=154

7.2. Material deprivation and inequality trends, 2006-10=158

7.3. At-risk-of-poverty rate and inequality trends, 1998-2010=159

7.4. Fertility rate and inequality trends, 1980-2011=160

7.5. Political identification : left-right (% of respondents)=165

7.6. Percentage of votes cast for the winners in elections and inequality, 1990-2009=165

7.7. Dynamics of the minimum wage and income inequality, 1990-2010=168

7.8. Evolution of ratios AP/AW and GMI/AW, 1990-2010=169

8.1. Gini coefficients for household income before and after taxes and redistribution=173

8.2. Public debt (per capita) in Canada, 1980-2010=174

8.3. GDP per capita in Canada, 1980-2010 (Top) level (Bottom) growth=175

8.4. Top one per cent's share of total income=176

8.5. Gini coefficients for household income by household composition=178

8.6. Population (top) due to births, deaths and immigration (bottom)=181

8.7. Educational attainment and labour force outcomes (per cent of total labour force (top) and average hourly wage (bottom))=183

8.8. Debt and bankruptcies in Canada, 1980-2009=184

8.9. Housing prices=185

8.10. Public opinion on inequality and government responsibility for it=187

8.11. Trends in government expenditures=189

8.12. Average minimum wage, absolute and relative level : adjusted hourly minimum wage (top) ; relative minimum earnings as a percentage of average earnings (bottom)=190

9.1. Household equalized income in 2006, transformation from primary to disposable income, frequencies=198

9.2. Evolution of household income inequality in Denmark (the Gini coefficient)―decomposition by source of income=199

9.3. Comparison between household and individual income (Gini coefficient for disposable income, including imputed rents)=200

9.4. Theil decomposition for age groups below 75, 1980-2010=202

9.5. Theil coefficients for working and non-working individuals, 15-64 years old=202

9.6. Theil coefficients for non-working 15-64 years old. Group-wise decomposition=203

9.7. Theil coefficients for students and the entire population, age 15-64=204

9.8. Decomposition of disposable income (Theil coefficients) for young adults, age 15-24, by type of activity and income earned=205

9.9. Return to one more year of education, 1980-2007=205

9.10. Theil coefficients for disposable income for completed educational levels of working population=207

9.11. Gini curve for married women and their part-time frequency=207

9.12. Correlation between income after tax and transfers for cohabiting or married couples, top and bottom 0.1 per cent of incomes deleted=208

9.13. Material deprivation, one item in different dimensions=209

9.14. At persistent risk of poverty, for age groups and comparison with the Gini coefficient=210

9.15. The proportion of people feeling alone=210

9.16. Remaining life expectancy for 30-year-olds in the highest and lowest educational quartiles Denmark, 1987 and 2009=211

9.17. Trends in crimes recorded by the police, comparison with income inequality (% of total crime registered and the Gini coefficient)=212

9.18. The electorate turnout in Denmark=213

9.19. Trust in different institutions in Denmark=214

9.20. Minimum hourly wage in constant 2000 EUR=216

9.21. Taxes as a percentage of GDP=217

9.22. Expenditure on social protection, education and health (% of total governmental expenditure)=219

9.23. Decomposition of governmental income transfers, by functionality=220

10.1. GDP growth rate (% annual change) and unemployment rate (% unemployed among those aged 15-64, yearly average) in Finland and EU 15 in 1989-2011=223

10.2. Income inequality in Finland, 1966-2010. Gini coefficients (%) of equalized factor, gross and disposable income (OECD modified scale)=225

10.3. Median equivalized disposable income (€ in 2010 currency) by income deciles, with Gini coefficient of equivalized disposable income, 1987-2010=226

10.4. Trends in at-risk-of-poverty rate (%) of total population and children (aged under 18) and at-risk-of-poverty threshold (equalized € in 2010 currency) in Finland 1966-2010=229

10.5. Employment rates for working aged women and men by level of education 1997-2010 : women (upper graph) and men (lower graph)=232

10.6. Life expectancy at age 35 by income quintiles and socio-economic status, with Gini coefficient of equivalized disposable income, women and men in 1988-2007=240

11.1. Household equivalized income inequality (1970-2010)=250

11.2. Top income shares (1980-2006)=251

11.3. Share of income from financial and non-financial assets for top fractiles (1980-2005)=252

11.4. Effective tax rate (in % of gross income) per income fractile=265

12.1. Gini coefficients of income distributions for East and West Germany=275

12.2. Share of materially deprived households (as %)=282

12.3. General and domain-specific satisfaction for non-poor and poor people (11-point scale)=284

12.4. Income dynamics for selected income quintiles=285

12.5. Voting in national elections, in %=286

12.6. Trust in parliament, West Germany, by education=287

12.7. Trust in parliament, East Germany, by education=288

12.8. Social trust, West Germany, by education=289

12.9. Social trust, East Germany, by education=289

12.10. Don't allow different race, West Germany, by education=290

12.11. Don't allow different race, East Germany, by education=291

12.12. Differences in income too large, strongly agree, ISSP=291

12.13. Government's responsibility to reduce differences, strongly agree, ISPP=292

13.1. Evolution of Household Income Inequality Indices, 1974-2008=302

13.2. Consumption Inequality Indices, 1974-2008=305

14.1. Evolution of between-group inequality as a percentage of total inequality, according to different household attributes=327

14.2. Inequality in gross monthly earnings of full-time employees (men and women)=328

14.3. The risk of poverty and social exclusion among young and elderly, Hungary, 1992-2010=332

14.4. Demographic processes and health, 1992-2011=333

14.5. Voter turnout in Hungary, 1989-2010 (%)=338

15.1. Percentage of sons 'achieving' their father's class=356

15.2. Satisfaction : per cent reporting 'Very satisfied' with life=361

15.3. Public expenditure by type as percentage of GDP=365

16.1. Gini coefficients for different measures of income in Italy=372

16.2. Quantile ratios in Italy=374

16.3. Share of temporary contracts among women in Italy=375

16.4. Educational levels and inequality in Italy=377

16.5. Trust in government=381

16.6. Share of individuals who self-positioned as 8-10 on a 1-10 scale between the extreme statements : 'The state should take more responsibility to ensure that everyone is provided for' (8-10) and 'Individuals should take more responsibility for providing for themselves' (1-3)=382

16.7. Public total social expenditure by branch=384

16.8. Tax burden as GDP percentage, Italy vs. EU average=384

16.9. Social transfers and income inequality=389

16.10. Gini coefficients of inequality of market and disposable incomes, persons of working age, late 2000s=390

17.1. Gini coefficients based on the three data sets=396

17.2. Gini coefficient for income and consumption=397

17.3. Gini coefficient for financial asset holdings=398

17.4. Gini coefficient of consumption expenditure by age group=399

17.5. Poverty rates calculated by consumption=400

17.6. Log wage differences : (a) for men between the 90th and 50th percentiles (b) for men between the 50th and 10th percentiles (c) for women between the 90th and 50th percentiles (d) for women between the 50th and 10th percentiles=401

17.7. Log wage difference for male college graduates between the 90th and 10th percentiles=404

17.8. Proportion of non-standard workers among all employees=404

17.9. Proportion of hourly wage for part-time workers compared with full-time workers=405

17.10. Crime rates=406

17.11. Living conditions=407

17.12. Percentage differences in voting rates (most recent election) (a) Between those aged 55+ years and those aged 16-35 years (b) Between people with high and low education levels=408

17.13. Kaitz index=409

17.14. Ratio of social security benefits by functional category to Annual Real GDP (%)=410

17.15. Government expenditure on job training as % of GDP=411

17.16. National and local government expenditure on education=412

18.1. Individual wage income Gini and household market income Gini=417

18.2. Trends in Gini for urban households (Korea, 1990-2011)=417

18.3. Gini coefficient trends (1982-2006) : urban household with two or more members=418

18.4. Gini coefficient trend of urban HHs with two or more members=419

18.5. Trends in wage Gini and household income Gini (Korea, 1981-2010)=420

18.6. Trends in enrolment rates for tertiary education and educational wage premium (1981-2010)=421

18.7. Trends in total divorces and crude divorce rate (1989-2011)=423

18.8. Trends in fertility and marriage rates (1990-2010)=424

18.9. Crime rate, suicide rate and Gini=425

18.10. Trends in income mobility (one-year persistence rate) and Gini (disposable income)=426

18.11. Trends in the share of individuals maintaining their income class (one-year persistence rate)=427

18.12. Relative poverty ratios calculated with market and disposable incomes=431

19.1. Proportion of variance in PISA 2009 test explained by social, cultural, and educational resources of family=443

19.2. Perceived health status by income quintile=445

19.3. Dynamics of social trust=447

19.4. Statutory minimum wage relative to mean and median wages of full-time workers=452

19.5. At-risk-of-poverty rates, before and after social transfers, 1995-2010=455

20.1. Net equivalized household income inequality : two measures, 1977-2011=460

20.2. Average annual household income by income concepts and deciles, always ranked by gross incomes, absolute changes 1977 to 2011 (1000s of euros-prices at 2011)=462

20.3. S10:S1 inequality ratios for household incomes, always ranked by gross incomes, 1977-2011=463

20.4. Average annual household income levels by types of market income and deciles, ranked by gross incomes, absolute changes, 1977-2011 (1000s of euros-prices at 2011)=464

20.5. Inequalities (P90:P10-ratio) of individual annual earnings and labour-household annual incomes, 1991-2011=465

20.6. Incidence of poverty below 60 per cent of median equivalized income and absolute poverty (national and OECD sources, 1977-2011)=468

20.7. Income and total, housing, and financial net wealth : per cent distribution over deciles of income and of wealth, 2011=469

20.8. Satisfaction with democracy, per cent of the population=474

20.9. Mean of xenophobic attitude by educational level, 1979-2008=475

20.10. Percentage of people agreeing that income differences are too large, by educational level, 1975-2008=476

20.11. Cash public spending by expense category as per cent of GDP, 1980-2007=478

20.12. Taxes and social security premiums, percentage of gross income, by (gross) income decile, 2010=480

21.1. Inequality indices for various household income concepts=490

21.2. Income shares for various household income concepts=491

21.3. Absolute and relative poverty rates and average poverty gaps for household equivalized disposable income=492

21.4. Educational inequality : 25-64-year-old population=494

21.5. Households according to their income self-assessment and opinions about levels of inequality in Poland=496

21.6. Relationship between self-assessed health and other variables (Kendall's Tau-b)=498

21.7. Net minimum wage and poverty lines (Polish zlotys)=503

21.8. Tax revenue by origin as percentage of GDP=504

21.9. Total, cash and in-kind social expenditure (per cent of GDP)=506

22.1. Gini coefficient (monetary versus total income)=516

22.2. Gini coefficient (monetary expenditure)=518

22.3. (Gross) Enrolment rate and return to education=521

22.4. Changes in inequality (Gini index)=523

22.5. Poverty rate (monetary versus total income)=524

22.6. Tax revenue as percentage of GDP, Portugal and OECD=534

22.7. Social security expenditure and pensions (cash) as percentage of GDP=535

23.1. Distribution of per capita household net income : Gini coefficient, 1990-2009=546

23.2. Absolute poverty rates, 1990-2010=547

23.3. Material deprivation rate and severe material deprivation rate=552

23.4. Frequency of contacts with friends and relatives=553

23.5. Life expectancy by gender=555

23.6. Life satisfaction=556

23.7. Trust in political institutions (2004-2012)=558

23.8. Satisfaction with the way democracy works in Romania=559

23.9. Attitudes towards inequality and redistribution=560

23.10. Welfare responsibility strategies=561

23.11. Monthly minimum wages=561

23.12. Tax revenue as a percentage of GDP=562

23.13. Social protection expenditure by function as percentage of GDP=564

23.14. Total public expenditure on education as percentage of GDP, for all levels of education combined=564

24.1. Income inequality in the Czech Republic and Slovakia=571

24.2. Unemployment rates in the Visegrad countries=574

24.3. People at risk of poverty or social exclusion (per cent of total population)=575

24.4. People having a long-standing illness or health problem=577

24.5. Average subjective well-being ratings by education=578

25.1. Real GDP growth rate―volume (percentage change over previous year)=594

25.2. Gini coefficient―Slovenia and the EU-27 average=595

25.3. Gini coefficient in EU countries, 2010=595

25.4. Gini coefficient and GDP per capita (in PPP) in EU countries, 2010=596

25.5. Employment rates by education level (15-64) in Slovenia (%)=598

25.6. At-risk-of-poverty rates in EU countries, 2011 (%)=600

25.7. Correlation between Gini coefficient and at-risk-of-poverty rate in EU countries, 2011=600

25.8. At-risk-of-poverty rate and Gini index for Slovenia=601

25.9. Material and severe material deprivation rates, Slovenia, 2005-11 (%)=601

25.10. At-risk-of-poverty rates by most frequent activity status, Slovenia, annually=605

25.11. At-risk-of-poverty rate by age group, Slovenia, 2005-11 (%)=606

25.12. At-risk-of-poverty rate by household type, Slovenia, 2005-11 (%)=606

25.13. Severe material deprivation, by household type, Slovenia, 2005-11 (%)=607

25.14. Trust in selected institutions (1991-2006)=609

26.1. Unemployment rate and income inequality=618

26.2. After-tax after-transfers income inequality trends=620

26.3. Inequality in years of education=625

26.4. Public social expenditure=635

27.1. Gini coefficient for equivalent factor and disposable income in Sweden from 1980 to 2010. Old and new household income concept=644

27.2. Percentile ratio P10/P50―in the distribution of equivalent disposable income in Sweden, 1995 to 2010=646

27.3. Percentage of households with weak labour market attachment 1990-2008 by educational level. Swedish population at 20-64 years of age=648

27.4. Psychological distress by age groups in 1968, 1981 and 2000. Odds ratios (OR) standardized by gender, country of birth, social class. Average odds＝1.0=650

27.5. Proportion (%) with no close friend in four age groups. Bi-annual averages, Sweden 1980-2011=651

27.6. Proportion with no cash margin and economic strain. Sweden 1980-2005, (two-year averages) by socio-economic group : No cash margin Economic strain=652

27.7. Voter turnouts on all three domestic levels of government and political participation, 1980-2010=654

27.8. Unemployment and sickness insurance replacement rates and social assistance adequacy rates in Sweden, 1990-2010=658

28.1. Household income inequality 1980 to 2010/11 (Gini coefficient)=668

28.2. Population shares below 60% median household income before and after housing costs―relative (rel) and absolute (abs)=670

28.3. Population group shares below 60% median household income : (a) before housing costs (BHC) ; and (b) after housing costs (AHC)=671

28.4. Trends in UK unemployment 1971-2012 (working age)―ILO and claimant rates=673

28.5. Age profiles in mean net worth, net financial assets and housing equity by year=675

28.6. Material deprivation 2005-2011―different population groups=677

28.7. Total Fertility Rate (TFR), teenage fertility rate (15-19) and live births rate for unmarried women (15-44) England and Wales, 1980-2011=680

28.8. Age standardized death rates, UK, 1980-2010=681

28.9. Trends in smoking, drinking and obesity―1993-2011 (England) : (a) per cent of adult population ; and (b) per cent of children aged 2-15 years=682

28.10. Overall trend in annual crime and homicide rates : PRC and BCS (England and Wales)=684

28.11. Self-reported voter turnout in UK general elections (1974-2005) by social class=686

28.12. Share agreeing that most people can be trusted, by social class=687

28.13. Share agreeing that the government should redistribute income from the better-off to those who are less well-off by education levels=688

29.1. Income inequality in the United States=696

29.2. Wage inequality in the United States=699

29.3. Top 1 per cent's share of pre-tax income in the United States=700

29.4. Redistribution in the United States=701