영문목차

Preface=xv

Acknowledgments=xix

Introduction=xxi

1. The Critical Period, 1783-1789 / Sean P. Harvey=1

The Critical Period, 1783-1789 : Short Entries / Katherine Fleming=19

Articles of Confederation=19

Bank of North America=22

Beard, Charles (1874-1948)=24

China Trade=26

Fitch, John (1743-1798)=28

Flatboats=30

Morris, Robert (1734-1806)=31

Northwest Ordinance (1787)=33

Shays' Rebellion (1786-1787)=36

Tobacco Industry=39

2. The Embargo Era, 1807-1809 / James R. Sofka=41

The Embargo Era, 1807-1809 : Short Entries / Katherine Fleming=59

American Fur Company and the Fur Trade=59

Burr Conspiracy Cases of 1807=61

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807)=65

Embargo Act (1807)=67

First Bank of the United States=70

Fulton, Robert (1765-1815)=73

Gallatin, Albert (1761-1849)=76

Girard, Stephen (1750-1831)=78

Non-Intercourse Act (1809)=81

Orders in Council/Napoleonic Decrees=83

Whitney, Eli (1765-1825)=86

3. Panic of 1819 / Brian Bixby=91

Panic of 1819 : Short Entries / Brian Bixby=107

American System=107

Astor, John Jacob (1763-1848)=110

Boston Manufacturing Company=112

Carey, Mathew (1760-1839)=114

Erie Canal=117

Internal Improvements=120

Jones, William (1760-1831)=123

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)=125

National Road=127

Second Bank of the United States=130

4. Panic of 1837 / Brian Bixby=133

Panic of 1837 : Short Entries / Brian Bixby=152

Brook Farm=152

Caroline Affair (1837)=154

Deere, John (1804-1886)=157

Gag Rule=160

Independent Treasury=163

Loco-focos=165

Lovejoy, Elijah Parish (1802-1837)=168

Lowell Mills=171

Specie Circular (1836)=173

Texas=176

5. Panic of 1857 / Michael Shapiro=181

Panic of 1857 : Short Entries=200

Clipper Ships / Andrew T. Presti=200

De Bow's Review / Andrew T. Presti=203

Dred Scott Decision (Dred Scott v. Sandford) (1857) / Andrew T. Presti=206

"Free Soil" / A. E. L. Martin=210

Helper, Hinton Rowan (1829-1909) / Andrew T. Presti=213

Kelly, William (1811-1888) / Andrew T. Presti=214

Lynn Shoe Workers Strike (1860) / Andrew T. Presti=217

Oil Creek, Pennsylvania / Andrew T. Presti=220

Walker, William (1824-1860) / Andrew T. Presti=223

6. Panic of 1873 / Alan Lucibello=227

Panic of 1873 : Short Entries / Brian Bixby=247

Centennial Exposition (1876)=247

Colfax, Schuyler (1823-1885)=250

Compromise of 1877=253

Cooke, Jay (1821-1905)=255

"Crime of '73"=259

Great Strike of 1877=261

Molly Maguires=264

Rockefeller, John D. (1839-1937)=267

Slaughterhouse Cases (1873)=269

Whiskey Ring=272

7. Depression of the 1890s / Gerald W McFarland=277

Depression of the 1890s : Short Entries / Brian Bixby=296

Coxey's Army (1894)=296

"Cross of Gold" Speech (1896)=299

Frick, Henry Clay (1849-1919)=302

Homestead Strike (1892)=305

In Re Debs (1895)=308

Lloyd, Henry Demarest (1847-1903)=311

Olney, Richard (1835-1917)=314

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)=317

Populism=320

Social Darwinism=324

8. Panic of 1907 / Brigitte Koenig=329

Panic of 1907 : Short Entries / Jason Resnikoff=347

Aldrich-Vreeland Act (1908)=347

Christianity and the Social Crisis (1907)=350

Danbury Hatters Case (1908)=353

"Gentlemen's Agreement" (1907-1908)=356

Great White Fleet (1907-1909)=359

Haywood, William Dudley "Big Bill" (1869-1928)=362

Morgan, J. P. (1837-1913)=365

Muller v. Oregon (1908)=368

Roosevelt, Theodore (1858-1919)=371

Standard Oil Company=374

9. Economic Downturn of 1913-1914 / Jason Roberts=379

Economic Downturn of 1913-1914 : Short Entries=399

Bull Moose (Progressive) Party / Eric Gade=399

Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) / Eric Gade=402

Federal Reserve Act (Glass-Owen Act) (1913) / Eric Gade=405

Ford, Henry (1863-1947) / Eric Gade=408

Glass, Carter (1858-1946) / Eric Gade=411

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) / Jason Resnikoff=414

Pujo Committee (1912-1913) / Eric Gade=418

16th Amendment (1913) / Eric Gade=421

Taft, William Howard (1857-1930) / Eric Gade=424

Woolworth, Frank W. (1852-1919) / Eric Gade=427

10. Recession of 1920-1921 / Robert H. Ferrell=431

Recession of 1920-1921 : Short Entries=447

The Dearborn Independent / Jason Resnikoff=447

Garvey, Marcus (1887-1940) / Jason Resnikoff=450

Ledoux, Urbain (1874-1941) / Daniel Leab=454

McNary, Charles L. (1874-1944) / Jason Resnikoff=457

Palmer, A. Mitchell (1872-1936) / Jason Resnikoff=460

President's Unemployment Conference (1921) / A. E. L. Martin=464

Red Scare (1919-1920) / Andrew T. Presti=468

Sacco, Nicola (1891-1927) and Vanzetti, Bartolomeo (1888-1927) / A. E. L. Martin=471

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11. Great Depression, 1929-1933 / Denise Lynn=477

Great Depression, 1929-1933 : Short Entries / Jason Roberts=497

Bank Holiday=497

Bonus Army (1932)=500

Cox, James Renshaw (1886-1951)=503

Mellon, Andrew William (1855-1937)=506

Meyer, Eugene Isaac (1875-1959)=509

President's Organization for Unemployment Relief (POUR)=512

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)=514

Reno, Milo (1866-1936)=517

Smoot-Hawley Tariff (1930)=521

Unemployed Councils=524

12. Great Depression, 1933-1939 / Vanessa May=527

Great Depression, 1933-1939 : Short Entries=547

Alphabet Agencies / Jason Roberts=547

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) / Jason Roberts=549

Eccles, Marriner Stoddard (1890-1977) / Jason Roberts=553

Hopkins, Harry Lloyd (1890-1946) / Jason Roberts=556

Ickes, Harold Le Claire (1874-1952) / Jason Roberts=559

Johnson, Hugh S. (1882-1942) / Jason Roberts=562

Kennedy, Joseph Patrick (1888-1969) / A. E. L. Martin=565

Lewis, John L. (1880-1969) / Jason Roberts=569

Olson, Floyd (1891-1936) / Jason Roberts=573

World Economic Conference (1933) / Jason Roberts=576

13. Economic Downturns, 1974-1984 / Jason Roberts=581

Economic Downturns, 1974-1984 : Short Entries / Jason Roberts=602

Apple Computers=602

Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)=605

Franklin National Bank=606

Laffer, Arthur B. (1940-)=608

Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO)=611

Proposition 13 (People's Initiative to Limit Property Taxation, California) (1978)=615

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)=617

Shultz, George P. (1920-)=620

Three Mile Island (1979)=622

Volcker, Paul (1927-)=625

14. Great Recession of 2008-2009 / Victoria Phillips=629

Great Recession of 2008-2009 : Short Entries / Kate Doyle Griffiths-Dingani=651

Auto Industry Bailout (2008-2009)=651

Geithner, Timothy F. (1961-)=654

Goldman Sachs=657

Hedge Funds=660

Lehman Brothers, Collapse of (2008)=663

Madoff, Bernard L. (1938-)=667

Occupy Wall Street (OWS)=670

Pelosi, Nancy (1940-)=673

Rubin, Robert (1938-)=676

Tea Party=679

Primary Documents

1. The Critical Period, 1783-1789=683

A. Shays' Rebellion : A Schedule of Grievances (August 22-25, 1786)=683

B. George Washington and Thomas Jefferson React to Shays' Rebellion (1786, 1787)=685

C. The Land Ordinance of 1785 (May 20, 1785) and the Northwest Ordinance (July 13, 1787)=687

D. Objections to the Federal Constitution : Letters from the Federal Farmer to the Republican (October 8, 1787)=689

E. The Federalist No. 15 : Alexander Hamilton's Objections to the Articles of Confederation (December 1, 1787)=691

F. Alexander Hamilton's First Report on the Public Credit (January 14, 1790)=693

G. Alexander Hamilton's Opinion on the Constitutionality of the Bank of the United States (1791)=696

H. Thomas Jefferson's Opinion on the Constitutionality of the Bank of the United States (1791)=699

2. The Embargo Era, 1807-1809=701

A. James Stephen's Pamphlet Arguing for Restriction of Neutral Rights (1805)=701

B. Napoleon's Berlin and Milan Decrees (November 21, 1806 ; December 17, 1807)=703

C. British Order in Council (January 7, 1807)=706

D. Act to Prohibit the Importation of Slaves (March 2, 1807)=707

E. Report of the Chesapeake's Encounter with the Leopard (June 23, 1807)=709

F. Embargo Act (December 22, 1807)=710

G. Secretary Madison's List of Restrictions on Foreign Trade (December 21, 1808)=711

H. The Non-Intercourse Act (March 1, 1809)=714

I. Joseph Story's Recollections of His Opposition to the Embargo (1809)=716

3. Panic of 1819=718

A. Craig et al. v. Missouri (March 12, 1830)=718

4. Panic of 1837=725

A. President Jackson's Bank Veto (July 10, 1832)=725

B. President Jackson's Message to the Cabinet Regarding Removal of Public Deposits from the Bank of the United States (September 18, 1833)=727

C. The Specie Circular (July 11, 1836)=729

D. Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (February 14, 1837)=730

E. President Van Buren's Message to Congress Opposing Federal Action during Hard Economic Times (September 4, 1837)=733

F. William Harper's "Memoir on Slavery" (1837)=735

G. Theodore Weld's American Slavery As It Is : Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses (1839)=737

5. Panic of 1857=740

A. Independent Treasury Act (August 6, 1846)=740

B. Joseph Glover Baldwin's Flush Times (1853)=742

C. Dred Scott v. Sandford (March 6, 1857)=744

D. George Fitzhugh's Cannibals All! (1857)=746

E. Hinton Rowan Helper's The Impending Crisis of the South (1857)=748

F. Frederick Law Olmsted's The Cotton Kingdom (1861)=750

6. Panic of 1873=753

A. Veazie Bank v. Fenno (1869)=753

B. President Grant's Veto of the Inflation Bill of 1874 (April 22, 1874)=755

C. Dangers Presented by the Current Management of the Rail System : James Dabney McCabe's History of the Grange Movement (1874)=759

D. President Grant's Message Approving the Specie Payment Resumption Act (January 14, 1875)=760

E. Bland-Allison Act (February 28, 1878)=763

7. Depression of the 1890s=765

A. Sherman Antitrust Act (July 2, 1890)=765

B. United States v. Debs et al. (December 14, 1894)=767

C. President Cleveland's Message to Congress Calling for Action to Restore the Financial Soundness of the Economy (January 28, 1895)=769

D. William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" Speech (July 9, 1896)=774

8. Panic of 1907=778

A. Adair v. United States (January 27, 1908)=778

B. Loewe v. Lawlor (February 3, 1908)=781

9. Economic Downturn of 1913-1914=784

A. Report of the Pujo Committee (1912-1913)=784

B. Sixteenth Amendment (February 3, 1913)=787

C. Federal Reserve Act (December 23, 1913)=788

10. Recession of 1920-1921=792

A. United States v. United States Steel Corporation (March 1, 1920)=792

11. Great Depression, 1929-1933=797

A. Wickersham Commission Report on Alcohol Prohibition (January 7, 1931)=797

B. Franklin D. Roosevelt's Commonwealth Club Address (September 23, 1932)=799

C. President Hoover's Madison Square Garden Address (October 31, 1932)=803

D. Twentieth Amendment (January 23, 1933)=807

12. Great Depression, 1933-1939=809

A. President Roosevelt's First Inaugural Address (March 4, 1933)=809

B. Senator Long's "Share the Wealth" Program (February 5, 1934)=813

C. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States (May 27, 1935)=818

D. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) (July 5, 1935)=823

E. President Roosevelt's Statement upon Signing the Social Security Act (August 14, 1935)=828

F. President Roosevelt's Forbes Field Speech (October 1, 1936)=829

13. Economic Downturns, 1974-1984=834

A. President Nixon's Message Transmitting the 1972 Economic Report of the President to Congress (January 27, 1972)=834

B. President Ford's Message Transmitting the 1976 Economic Report of the President to Congress (January 26, 1976)=837

C. President Carter Addresses the Nation on Energy (November 8, 1977)=839

D. President Carter's State of the Union Address (January 19, 1978)=842

E. California Proposition 13 : The People's Initiative to Limit Property Taxation (Approved June 6, 1978)=844

F. Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act (Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act) (October 27, 1978)=847

G. President Carter's "Crisis of Confidence" or "Malaise" Speech (July 15, 1979)=850

H. President Reagan's Program for Economic Recovery (February 18, 1981)=853

14. Great Recession of 2008-2009=856

A. Barack Obama's Victory Speech (November 4, 2008)=856

B. President Obama's Message Transmitting the 2011 Economic Report of the President to Congress (February 23, 2011)=860

C. President Obama's Message Transmitting the 2012 Economic Report of the President to Congress (February 17, 2012)=864

Selected Bibliography=867

Editor and Contributors=885

Index=889