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Preface=iii

Figures and Tables=ix

Summary=xi

Acknowledgments=xxi

Abbreviations=xxiii

CHAPTER ONE Introduction=1

Scope and Limitations of This Report=2

Time Constraints=2

The City's Recent Changes=3

Objectives Guiding the Project=3

Identify Applicants Most Likely to Be Successful Firefighters=4

Ensure Equal Opportunity Throughout the Hiring Process=4

Increase the Demographic Diversity of New Firefighter Hires=4

Minimize Costs for the City of Los Angeles and Its Applicants=5

Study Approach=6

Drawing on Existing Expertise and Past Research=6

Exploratory Interviews to Understand Stakeholder Perspectives=9

Review of Existing Documentation and Informational Interviews on Recruiting and Selection Processes=10

Job Incumbent Focus Groups to Confirm and Identify New Key Duties, Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other Characteristics for Firefighter Service=10

Data Analyses to Examine Disparate Impact of the 2013 Selection Process=11

Organization of This Report=11

CHAPTER TWO Firefighter Recruitment and Outreach Strategies=13

A Framework for Understanding Recruitment=13

Firefighter Recruiting Practices=14

Key Comments on Recruiting from the Interviews=16

The Emphasis Should Be on Finding Highly Qualified Candidates, Not Merely on Increasing the Quantity of Candidates=17

CHAPTER THREE The 2013 Firefighter Selection Process=21

Notification Cards=23

Step 1. Preliminary Background Application=23

Step 2. Describing the Minimum Requirements=23

Step 3. Written Test=24

Test of Reading Comprehension, Arithmetic, and Mechanical Aptitude=24

Test Development=25

Step 4. Candidate Physical Ability Test=26

Step 5. Oral Interview=27

Job Interview with a Firefighter and Interview Specialist=27

Step 6. Background Investigation and Preliminary Investigative Questionnaire=29

Collection of Preliminary Background Information Using Applicant-Provided Information=29

Step 7. Initial Panel Review=30

Two Fire Captains Review the Candidate's Initial Background Application Package=30

Step 8. Field Investigation=32

In-Depth Background Check=32

Step 9. Final Panel Review=33

Repeat of Initial Panel Review with Corroborated Information=33

Step 10. Medical and Psychological Evaluations=33

Certification=34

CHAPTER FOUR Statistical Analysis of the Selection Process=35

Data=35

Reduction of Applicants in the Selection Process=36

The Selection Process's Impact on Minorities=39

Caution in Interpreting These Estimates Is Warranted=42

CHAPTER FIVE Recommendations=45

Overview of Recommendations as They Relate to the Objectives=46

Objective 1. Identify Applicants Most Likely to Be Successful Firefighters=46

Objective 2. Ensure Equal Opportunity Throughout the Hiring Process=48

Objective 3. Increase the Demographic Diversity of New Firefighter Hires=49

Objective 4. Minimize Costs for the City of Los Angeles and Its Applicants=49

Overarching Recommendations Targeting the Four Objectives=50

Start a New Citywide Outreach and Recruiting Campaign for the LAFD=50

Validate Selection Criteria by Establishing Relationships to KSAOs Required to Be an Effective Firefighter=55

Explore Options for Reducing the Applicant Pool to a Manageable Size=56

Establish a Robust Appeals Process for Applicants Who Believe That They Have Been Wrongly Deselected=64

Increase Electronic Documentation and Use of Online Technology During the Selection Process=65

Align the Content in Each Selection Step with the Job Analysis and Deconflict It with Other Elements in the Process=66

Tie Minimums on All Selection Factors to Acceptable and Unacceptable Performance in Training or on the Job=67

Step-by-Step Recommendations for Improving the Selection Process=67

Suggested Changes to Step 1 : Preliminary Background Application and Step 2 : Minimum Requirements=68

Suggested Changes to Step 3 : Written Test=71

Suggested Changes to Step 4 : Candidate Physical Ability Test=73

Suggested Changes to Step 5 : Oral Interview, Step 6 : Background Investigation and Preliminary Investigative Questionnaire, and Step 8 : Field Investigation=74

Suggested Changes to Step 7 : Initial Panel Review and Step 9 : Final Panel Review=78

Suggested Changes to Step 10 : Medical and Psychological Evaluations=78

APPENDIXES

A. Key Considerations in Evaluating the Selection Process=81

B. Defining Critical Firefighter Tasks, Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other Characteristics=91

C. Outsourcing the Written Test for Entry-Level Firefighters=99

D. The Impact of Chance Variability in Simple Random Sampling=105

E. Mathematics and Examples of Key Considerations for Stratified Sampling=111

References=119

Tables

1.1. Stakeholder Interviewees=9

4.1. Number and Percentage Moving on at Each Selection Step, 2013 Applicant Cohort=37

4.2. Ethnic and Gender Differences in Rates of Passing Each Step of the Firefighter Evaluation and Investigation Process, 2013 Applicant Cohort=41

4.3. Number and Percentage Taking Versus Passing the Written Test, 2013 Applicant Cohort=43

4.4. Ethnic and Gender Differences in Rates of Passing the CPAT at the Orange County Testing Center, January 1, 2013-April 21, 2013=43

5.1. Suggested Alternative Firefighter Hiring Processes for the LAFD=69

5.2. Factors Evaluated in the Background Investigations and Interviews=77

B.1. Competencies Documented in 2010 and Reinforced in RAND Focus Groups=94

B.2. Suggestions for Expanding the List of Firefighter Duty Tasks=95

C.1. Ergometrics=102

C.2. CWH Management Solutions=103

C.3. I/O Solutions=104

E.1. Stratified Sampling Example, In Which 3 Percent of Each Sub-Population Is Selected=113

Figures

2.1. Factors Influencing the Number and Diversity of LAFD Firefighter Recruits=14

2.2. Los Angeles County Population (Census Data)=18

2.3. Firefighter Applicants Meeting Minimum Requirements=19

3.1. Timeline of 2013 Firefighter Selection Process=22

4.1. 1,000 Hypothetical Applicants Retained and Lost Through Firefighter Evaluation and Investigation Strategies=38

D.1. Probability Intervals for the Percentage of Whites in a Random Sample from an Applicant Pool That Is 50.34 Percent White=107

D.2. Probability Intervals for the Percentage of Males in a Random Sample from an Applicant Pool That Is 94.30 Percent Male=108

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Recommendations for improving the recruiting and hiring of Los Angeles firefighters 이용현황 표 - 등록번호, 청구기호, 권별정보, 자료실, 이용여부로 구성 되어있습니다.
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0002165496 363.370683 -A16-1 서울관 서고(열람신청 후 1층 대출대) 이용가능

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Reviews the Los Angeles Fire Department’s hiring practices as of June 2014 and outlines a recommended new firefighter hiring process that is intended to increase efficiency of the hiring process, bolster the evidence supporting the validity of it, and make it more transparent and inclusive.

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