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List of Figures=ix

List of Tables=xi

List of Contributors=xv

Introduction / Marina Costa Lobo ; John Curtice=1

Section 1. Political or Not? Where Do Leader Evaluations Come From?

1. Leader Evaluations and Partisan Stereotypes―A Comparative Analysis / Amanda Bittner=17

2. What Comes First, Character Traits or Political Assessments? An Experimental Study / Sascha Huber=38

Section 2. Systematic or Not? When Do Leader Evaluations Matter?

3. The Impact of Leaders in Parliamentary and Presidential Regimes / John Curtice ; Marco Lisi=63

4. Personality Politics in Single-Party and Coalition Governments / Solidea Formichelli=87

5. Leader Effects and Party Polarization / Romain Lachat=105

Section 3. Sophisticates or Uninformed Electors? Who Takes Leader Evaluations into Account?

6. Political Sophistication and Media Consumption as Factors of Personalization / Guillem Rico=127

7. Party Dealignment and Leader Effects / Marina Costa Lobo=148

Section 4. Competence or Character? What about Leaders Matters?

8. Between Leadership and Charisma, the Importance of Leaders / Michael Lewis-Beck ; Richard Nadeau=169

9. Determining the Components of Leader Effects in a Post-Communist Context / Andrei Gheorghiţă=191

10. Emotions Towards Leaders and Voting Behaviour / Tatjana Rudi=215

Conclusion / Marina Costa Lobo ; John Curtice=241

Index=249

List of Tables

Table 1.1. Effects of Party Label on Evaluation of Leader's Traits=24

Table 1.2. Difference in Means on Evaluations of Most Frequently Asked Traits=25

Table 1.3. Effects of Voters' Partisanship and Leaders' Party on Evaluations of Personality Traits=28

Table 1.4. Effects of Voters' Partisanship and Leaders' Party on Trait Evaluations, by Level of Political Sophistication=32

Table 2.1. Candidate Description in the Various Experimental Conditions=44

Table 2.2. The Influence of the Assessment of Political Positions on Character Evaluation=51

Table 2.3. The Influence of Character Evaluations on the Political Assessment of Candidates : Perceived Issue-distance=52

Table 2.4. The Influence of Candidate Character on Voting Behaviour in Different Contexts=53

Table 3.1. The Role of Leader and Party Evaluations in Presidential and Parliamentary Elections=70

Table 3.2. The Role of Leader and Party Evaluations in Different Types of Parliamentary Elections=74

Table 3.3. Parliamentary Elections in Presidential and Parliamentary Systems=75

Table 3.4. Party System and Larger Parties=77

Table 3.5. How the Role of Leadership Evaluations Varies by Type of Electorate=79

Appendix A. Elections Analysed=85

Appendix B. Coding of Variables=86

Table 4.1. Data Sources=92

Table 4.2. Parameter Estimates for the Full Multi-level Model of Socialist and Conservative Vote=96

Table A4.1. National Parties and Leaders of the Socialist Party Family=102

Table A4.2. National Parties and Leaders of the Christian Democratic Party Family=103

Table 5.1. Impact of Left-Right Ideology and Leader Evaluations on the Electoral Utilities, National Level=113

Table 5.2. Effect of Electoral Competitiveness on Ideological Voting=116

Table 5.3. Effect of Electoral Competitiveness on Leader Voting=117

Table A5.1. Descriptive Statistics, Individual-level Variables=123

Table A5.2. Descriptive Statistics, Contextual-level Variables=123

Table 6.1. Homogenous Models : Leader Effects and Trait Perception Effects=135

Table 6.2. Political Sophistication and Leader Effects on Vote Choice=136

Table 6.3. Political Sophistication and Trait Perception Effects on Leader Evaluations=138

Table 6.4. Media Exposure and Leader Effects on Vote Choice=139

Table 6.5. Media Exposure and Trait Perception Effects on Leader Evaluations=141

Table 7.1. The Dealigned vs. the Aligned in Italy, Portugal, and Spain=154

Table 7.2. Correlations between Strength of Party ID, Swing Voters, and Late Deciders=155

Table 7.3. The Importance of Leader Effects in Different Types of Electorate (a Simple Model)=157

Table 7.4. The Importance of Leader Effects in Different Types of Electorate (a Comprehensive Model)=158

Table 7.5. The Relationship between Dealignment and Political Knowledge=163

Table 8.1. Correlation of Feeling Thermometers and Leadership Images in Four French Presidential Elections (2007, 2002, 1995, 1988)=172

Table 8.2. Leader Effects in Four French Presidential Elections (Binomial Logits, Full Specification ; 2007, 2002, 1995, 1988)=176

Table 8.3. Changes in Probabilities : Impact of Feeling Thermometers on the Vote in Four French Presidential Elections (Second Round ; 2007, 2002, 1995, 1988)=181

Table 8.4. Feeling Thermometer Determinants in Four French Presidential Elections (OLS Models, Full Specification ; 2007, 2002, 1995, 1988)=182

Table 8.5. Jean-Marie Le Pen : Leader Effect and Feeling Thermometer Determinants in Four French Presidential Elections (1988, 1995, 2002, 2007)=184

Table 9.1. Explanatory Models of Voter Evaluation for the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the 'Justice and Truth' PNL-PD Alliance (ADA). Standardized Beta Coefficients with Standard Errors, OLS Regression=202

Table 9.2. Explanatory Models of Vote Intention for the National Union PSD+PUR and the 'Justice and Truth' PNL-PD Alliance (ADA). B Coefficients with Standard Errors, exp(b), Binary Logit Regression=203

Table 9.3. Determinants of Popularity Scores for Adrian Nastase [Refer to the spelling on p. 207] (PSD+PUR) and Traian Basescu [Refer to the spelling on p. 207] (ADA)=207

Appendix : Explanatory Variables Controlled For in the Regression Models=213

Table 10.1. Directional Effects of Emotional Reactions to Leaders on Vote Choices=226

Table 10.2. Directional Effects of Emotional Reactions to Leaders on the Probability of Voting for Different Vote Choices=227

Table 10.3. Mediating Effects of Anxiety on Vote Choices (Anxious Citizens)=230

Table 10.4. Mediating Effects of Anxiety on Vote Choices (Non-Anxious Citizens)=230

Table A10.1. Directional Effects of Aversion on Vote Choices (Without Enthusiasm and Anxiety)=238

Table A10.2. Directional Effects of Anxiety on Vote Choices (Without Enthusiasm and Aversion)=239

Table A10.3. Directional Effects of Emotional Reactions to Leaders on Vote Choices (Without Party Evaluations)=240

List of Figures

Figure 1.1. Summary Statistics : Evaluations of Three Main Party Leaders' Competence and Character=23

Figure 1.2. Evaluations of Leaders' Character and Competence : Comparing Leaders of Three Main Parties to Average of All Leaders=26

Figure 1.3. Summary Statistics : Evaluation of Leaders of Three Main Parties' Character and Competence, by Level of Political Sophistication=31

Figure 2.1. Inferring Character Traits from the Political Issue Positions of Candidates=47

Figure 2.2. Inferring the Political Issue Positions of Candidates from Character Traits=48

Figure 2.3. Percentages of Overall Judgements about Candidates in the Various Conditions=49

Figure 3.1. Marginal Effects of Party, Leader Evaluations, and Ideological Distance on Vote Choice for Presidential and Parliamentary Elections=72

Figure 4.1. Leader's Evaluation and Coalition Government Effect on Probability to Vote=98

Figure 5.1. Propensity to Support the SP, by Ideological Distance and Level of Political Sophistication=114

Figure 5.2. Propensity to Support the SP, by Sympathy for the Party Leader and Level of Political Sophistication=114

Figure 5.3. Effect of Party System Fragmentation on the Strength of Ideological Voting (Model 1) and Leader Voting (Model 3)=117

Figure 5.4. Effect of Electoral System Disproportionality on the Strength of Ideological Voting (Model 2) and Leader Voting (Model 4)=118

Figure 6.1. Predicted Effects of Leader Evaluations on Vote Choice, by Measures of Political Knowledge=137

Figure 6.2. Predicted Effects of Trait Perceptions on Leader Evaluations, by Measures of Political Knowledge=139

Figure 6.3. Predicted Effects of Leader Evaluations on Vote Choice, by Measures of Media Exposure=140

Figure 6.4. Predicted Effects of Trait Perceptions on Leader Evaluations, by Measures of Media Exposure=142

Figure 7.1. An Index of Dealignment in Italy, Portugal, and Spain=156

Figure 7.2. Predicted Probabilities of Voting for the Incumbent Party by Strength of Party Identification (a Fully Comprehensive Model)=159

Figure 7.3. Predicted Probabilities of Voting for the Incumbent Party by Time of Voting Decision (a Fully Comprehensive Model)=160

Figure 7.4. Predicted Probabilities of Voting for the Incumbent Party by Type of Voter (a Fully Comprehensive Model)=161

Figure 7.5. Predicted Probabilities of Voting for the Incumbent by Dealignment (a Fully Comprehensive Model)=162

Figure 9.1. Defining Expectations Regarding the Personalization of Voting Decisions in Romania=198

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Personality politics? : the role of leader evaluations in democratic elections 이용현황 표 - 등록번호, 청구기호, 권별정보, 자료실, 이용여부로 구성 되어있습니다.
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Personality Politics? assesses the role that voters' perceptions and evaluations of leaders play in democratic elections. The book presents evidence from an array of countries with diverse historical and institutional contexts, and employs innovative methodologies to determine the importance of leaders in democracies worldwide.

Personality Politics? assesses the role that voters' perceptions and evaluations of leaders play in democratic elections. The book presents evidence from an array of countries with diverse historical and institutional contexts, and employs innovative methodologies to determine the importance of leaders in democracies worldwide.Addressing such questions as 'Where do leaders effects come from?', 'In which institutional contexts are leader effects more important?' and, 'To which kinds of voters are leaders a more prominent factor for voting behaviour?', the authors seek to determine whether the roles leaders play enhances or damages the electoral process, and what impact this has on the quality of democracy in electoral democracies today.

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