Title page

Contents

Foreword 6

Acknowledgements 7

Key numbers 8

Overview of IP filing activity 9

Special section 12

Patents 30

Highlights 30

Standard figures and tables 41

Trademarks 99

Highlights 99

Standard figures and tables 109

Industrial designs 149

Highlights 149

Standard figures and tables 156

Plant varieties 187

Highlights 187

Standard figures and tables 192

Geographical indications 203

Additional information 208

Data description 208

IP systems at a glance 210

Glossary 212

List of abbreviations 220

Annex A. IPC-technology concordance table 221

Annex B. Definitions for selected energy-related technology fields 222

Annex C. International Classification of Goods and Services under the Nice Agreement 223

Annex D. International Classification for Industrial Designs (Locarno Classification) 224

Notes 225

Overview of IP filing activity 9

Table 1. Ranking of total (resident and abroad) IP filing activity by origin, 2016 9

Table 2. Ranking of resident IP filing activity by origin, 2016 10

Special section 27

Table S1. Procedural data for 2016 27

Additional information 209

Table 1. IP applications data coverage by IP type 209

Maps

Map 1. Equivalent patent applications by origin, 2016 34

Map 2. Equivalent trademark application class counts by origin, 2016 103

Map 3. Equivalent design counts by origin, 2016 153

Map 4. Equivalent plant variety applications by origin, 2016 190

Standard figures and tables

Figure A1. Trend in patent applications worldwide 44

Figure A2. Resident and non-resident patent applications worldwide 44

Figure A3. Trend in patent grants worldwide 45

Figure A4. Resident and non-resident patent grants worldwide 45

Figure A5. Patent applications by income group 46

Figure A6. Patent applications by region 46

Figure A7. Trend in patent applications for the top five offices 47

Figure A8. Patent applications at the top 20 offices, 2016 47

Figure A9. Contribution of resident and non-resident applications to total growth for the top 20 offices, 2015-16 48

Figure A10. Patent applications at offices of selected low- and middle-income countries, 2016 48

Figure A11. Contribution of resident and non-resident applications to total growth for offices of selected low- and middle-income countries, 2015-16 49

Figure A12. Patent grants by income group 49

Figure A13. Patent grants by region 50

Figure A14. Trend in patent grants for the top five offices 50

Figure A15. Patent grants for the top 20 offices, 2016 51

Figure A16. Patent grants for offices of selected low- and middle-income countries, 2016 51

Figure A17. Equivalent patent applications by origin, 2016 52

Figure A18. Equivalent patent applications for the top 20 origins, 2016 52

Figure A19. Patent applications for the top 25 offices and origins, 2016 53

Figure A20. Flow of non-resident patent applications between the top five origins and the top 10 offices, 2016 55

Figure A21. Distribution of patent applications for the top 15 offices and selected origins, 2016 56

Figure A22. Equivalent patent grants for the top 20 origins, 2016 56

Figure A23. Trend in patent families worldwide 57

Figure A24. Trend in foreign-oriented patent families worldwide 57

Figure A25. Domestic and foreign-oriented patent families for the top 20 origins, 2012-14 58

Figure A26. Distribution of patent families by number of offices for the top 20 origins, 2012-14 58

Figure A27. Top 100 patent applicants worldwide, based on total number of patent families 59

Figure A28. Distribution of technology fields for each top 10 applicant based on patent families, 2011-14 61

Figure A29. Trend in university and PRO patent families worldwide 62

Figure A30. Top five university and PRO patent applicants worldwide for selected origins, based on patent families 63

Figure A31. Distribution of technology fields for selected universities and PROs based on patent families, 2011-14 64

Figure A32. Published patent applications worldwide by field of technology 65

Figure A33. Trend in published patent applications for the top five technology fields 66

Figure A34. Distribution of published patent applications by technology field for the top 10 origins, 2013-15 67

Figure A35. Trend in patent applications in energy-related technologies 68

Figure A36. Women inventors in PCT applications 69

Figure A37. Share of PCT applications with women inventors for the top 20 origins, 2016 69

Figure A38. Share of PCT international patent applications with women inventors by field of technology, 2016 70

Figure A39. Share of patent applications with women inventors for selected patent offices 70

Figure A40. Share of patent applications with women inventors for selected patent offices by field of technology, 2014 71

Figure A41. Resident patent applications per USD 100 billion GDP for the top 20 origins 72

Figure A42. Resident patent applications per million population for the top 20 origins 72

Figure A43. Trend in patents in force worldwide 73

Figure A44. Patents in force at the top 20 offices, 2016 73

Figure A45. Patents in force in 2016 as a percentage of total applications 74

Figure A46. Average age of patents in force at selected offices 74

Figure A47. Potentially pending applications at the top offices 75

Figure A48. Potentially pending applications at the top 20 offices, 2016 75

Figure A49. Distribution of patent examination decisions for selected offices, 2016 76

Figure A50. Average pendency time for first office action for selected offices, 2016 76

Figure A51. Average years of experience of patent examiners for selected offices, 2016 77

Figure A52. Trend in PCT applications 78

Figure A53. PCT applications by origin, 2016 78

Figure A54. PCT applications for the top 20 origins, 2016 79

Figure A55. Trend in non-resident applications by filing route 79

Figure A56. Non-resident applications by filing route for selected offices, 2016 80

Figure A57. PPH requests by office of first filing and offices of later examination, 2016 81

Figure A58. Flow of PPH requests between offices of first filing and offices of later examination, 2016 82

Figure A59. Trend in utility model applications worldwide 83

Figure A60. Utility model applications for the top 20 offices, 2016 83

Figure A61. Utility model applications for offices of selected low-and middle-income countries, 2016 84

Figure A62. Trend in microorganism deposits worldwide 85

Figure A63. Deposits at the top international depositary authorities, 2016 85

Figure A64. Patent applications by office and origin, 2016 86

Figure A65. Patent grants by office and origin, and patents in force, 2016 91

Figure A66. Utility model applications and grants by office and origin, 2016 96

Figure B1. Trend in trademark applications worldwide 111

Figure B2. Trend in trademark application class counts worldwide 111

Figure B3. Resident and non-resident trademark application class counts worldwide 112

Figure B4. Trend in trademark registrations worldwide 112

Figure B5. Trend in trademark registration class counts worldwide 113

Figure B6. Resident and non-resident trademark registration class counts worldwide 113

Figure B7. Trademark application class counts by income group 114

Figure B8. Trademark application class counts by region 114

Figure B9. Trend in trademark applications for the top five offices 115

Figure B10. Trademark application class counts for the top 20 offices, 2016 115

Figure B11. Contribution of resident and non-resident application class counts to total growth for the top 20 offices, 2015-16 116

Figure B12. Trademark application class counts for offices of selected low- and middle-income countries, 2016 116

Figure B13. Contribution of resident and non-resident application class counts to total growth for offices of selected low- and middle-income countries, 2015-16 117

Figure B14. Trademark registration class counts by income group 117

Figure B15. Trademark registration class counts by region 118

Figure B16. Trend in trademark registrations for the top five offices 118

Figure B17. Trademark registration class counts for the top 20 offices, 2016 119

Figure B18. Trademark registration class counts for offices of selected low- and middle-income countries, 2016 119

Figure B19. Equivalent trademark application class counts by origin, 2016 120

Figure B20. Trademark application class counts for the top 20 origins, 2016 120

Figure B21. Trademark application class counts for selected low- and middle-income origins, 2016 121

Figure B22. Trademark application class counts abroad for the top 20 origins, 2016 121

Figure B23. Trademark application class counts for the top 25 offices and origins, 2016 122

Figure B24. Flow of non-resident trademark application class counts between selected top origins and offices, 2016 124

Figure B25. Distribution of trademark application class counts for the top 15 offices and selected non-resident origins, 2016 125

Figure B26. Distribution of trademark applications by top Nice classes, 2016 126

Figure B27. Trademark applications by goods and services classes, 2016 126

Figure B28. Trademark applications by industry sector, 2016 127

Figure B29. Trademark applications by top three sectors at the top offices, 2016 128

Figure B30. Distribution of trademark applications by goods and services at the top offices, 2016 128

Figure B31. Trademark applications by top three sectors for the top origins, 2016 129

Figure B32. Distribution of trademark applications by goods and services for the top origins, 2016 129

Figure B33. Resident trademark application class count per USD 100 billion GDP for selected origins 130

Figure B34. Resident trademark application class count per million population for selected origins 130

Figure B35. Collective trademark applications for the top 20 offices, 2016 131

Figure B36. Certification trademark applications for the top 20 offices, 2016 131

Figure B37. Trend in trademark registrations in force worldwide 132

Figure B38. Trademark registrations in force at selected offices, 2016 132

Figure B39. Trademark registrations in force in 2016 as a percentage of total registrations 133

Figure B40. Average age of trademarks in force at selected offices 133

Figure B41. Average number of days between the filing of an application and its recording as a registration for selected offices, 2016 134

Figure B42. Trend in Madrid international applications 135

Figure B43. Madrid international applications by origin, 2016 135

Figure B44. Madrid applications for the top 20 origins, 2016 136

Figure B45. Trend in non-resident filing activity by filing route (direct and Madrid) 136

Figure B46. Madrid share of non-resident filing activity for selected designated Madrid members, 2016 137

Figure B47. Trademark applications by office and origin, 2016 138

Figure B48. Trademark registrations by office and origin, and trademarks in force, 2016 143

Figure C1. Trend in industrial design applications worldwide 158

Figure C2. Trend in application design counts worldwide 158

Figure C3. Resident and non-resident application design counts worldwide 159

Figure C4. Trend in industrial design registrations worldwide 159

Figure C5. Trend in registration design counts worldwide 160

Figure C6. Resident and non-resident registration design counts worldwide 160

Figure C7. Application design counts by income group 161

Figure C8. Application design counts by region 161

Figure C9. Trend in industrial design applications for the top five offices 162

Figure C10. Application design counts for the top 20 offices, 2016 162

Figure C11. Contribution of resident and non-resident application design counts to total growth for the top 20 offices, 2015-16 163

Figure C12. Application design counts for offices of selected low- and middle-income countries, 2016 163

Figure C13. Contribution of resident and non-resident application design counts to total growth for offices of selected low- and middle-income countries, 2015-16 164

Figure C14. Registration design counts for the top 20 offices, 2016 164

Figure C15. Registration design counts for offices of selected low- and middle-income countries, 2016 165

Figure C16. Equivalent application design counts by origin, 2016 166

Figure C17. Application design counts for the top 20 origins, 2016 166

Figure C18. Equivalent application design counts for the top 20 origins, 2016 167

Figure C19. Application design counts for selected low- and middle-income origins, 2016 167

Figure C20. Flow of non-resident design counts for the top five origins and the top 10 offices of high-income economies, 2016 168

Figure C21. Flow of non-resident design counts for the top five origins and the top 10 offices of low- and middle-income economies, 2016 169

Figure C22. Application design counts by Locarno class, 2016 170

Figure C23. Distribution of application design counts by the top three sectors and for the top 10 offices, 2016 170

Figure C24. Distribution of application design counts by the top three sectors for the top 15 origins, 2016 171

Figure C25. Resident application design count per USD 100 billion of GDP for the top 20 origins 172

Figure C26. Resident application design count per million population for the top 20 origins 172

Figure C27. Trend in industrial design registrations in force worldwide 173

Figure C28. Industrial design registrations in force for the top 20 offices, 2016 173

Figure C29. Industrial design registrations in force in 2016 as a percentage of total registrations 174

Figure C30. Average age of industrial design registrations in force at selected offices 174

Figure C31. Designs contained in Hague international applications by origin, 2016 175

Figure C32. Trend in designs contained in Hague international applications 175

Figure C33. Designs contained in designations in Hague international applications for the top 20 designated Hague members, 2016 176

Figure C34. Designs contained in Hague international applications for the top 20 origins, 2016 176

Figure C35. Trend and share of designs contained in non-resident applications by filing route 177

Figure C36. Designs contained in non-resident applications by filing route for selected Hague members, 2016 177

Figure C37. Industrial design applications by office and origin, 2016 178

Figure C38. Industrial design registrations by office and origin, and industrial designs in force, 2016 182

Figure D1. Trend in plant variety applications worldwide 193

Figure D2. Trend in plant variety titles issued worldwide 193

Figure D3. Plant variety applications by income group 194

Figure D4. Plant variety applications by region 194

Figure D5. Plant variety applications for the top 20 offices, 2016 195

Figure D6. Contribution of resident and non-resident applications to total growth for the top 20 offices, 2015-16 195

Figure D7. Plant variety applications for offices of selected low- and middle-income countries, 2016 196

Figure D8. Plant variety titles issued by the top 20 offices, 2016 196

Figure D9. Equivalent plant variety applications by origin, 2016 197

Figure D10. Plant variety applications for the top 20 origins, 2016 197

Figure D11. Plant variety applications abroad for the top 20 origins, 2016 198

Figure D12. Plant variety titles issued for the top 20 origins, 2016 198

Figure D13. Plant variety titles issued abroad for the top 20 origins, 2016 199

Figure D14. Trend in plant varieties in force worldwide 200

Figure D15. Plant varieties in force at selected offices, 2016 200

Figure D16. Plant variety applications and titles issued by office and origin, 2016 201