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Title page 1

Contents 5

Foreword by WIPO 7

Foreword by partners 9

Acknowledgments 11

Acronyms 13

Key messages 16

Executive summary 20

Methodology 24

Introduction: The new reality of climate-driven disasters 27

Technology and the Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction and response 28

Financing disaster response and resilience 30

Investing in future resilience: financing disaster risk reduction 31

The role of emerging technologies 33

Patent trends in disaster response technologies 35

Part 1: Water-related disasters 37

Storms and flooding 39

Technological developments and trends 39

Innovation examples 52

Proven technology solutions 55

Frontier technology solutions 61

Horizon technology solutions 67

Coastal erosion 69

Technological developments and trends 69

Innovation examples 75

Proven technology solutions 76

Frontier technology solutions 80

Horizon technology solutions 85

Landslides 88

Technological developments and trends 88

Innovation examples 93

Proven technology solutions 95

Frontier technology solutions 99

Horizon technology solutions 103

Part 2: Dry weather-related disasters 105

Wildfire 107

Technological developments and trends 107

Innovation examples 116

Proven technology solutions 119

Frontier technology solutions 125

Horizon technology solutions 131

Drought 134

Technological developments and trends 134

Innovation examples 143

Proven technology solutions 146

Frontier technology solutions 151

Horizon technology solutions 156

Part 3: Extreme temperatures 159

Extreme heat 161

Technological developments and trends 161

Innovation examples 169

Proven technology solutions 172

Frontier technology solutions 177

Horizon technology solutions 182

Extreme cold 184

Technological developments and trends 184

Innovation examples 190

Proven technology solutions 193

Frontier technology solutions 199

Horizon technology solutions 203

Part 4: Disaster response logistics 205

Emergency infrastructure and rapid deployment 207

Technological developments and trends 207

Innovation examples 214

Proven technology solutions 216

Frontier technology solutions 220

Horizon technology solutions 224

Communications and digital coordination 226

Technological developments and trends 226

Innovation examples 235

Proven technology solutions 238

Frontier technology solutions 243

Horizon technology solutions 247

Financial resilience, risk transfer and insurance technologies 249

Technological developments and trends 249

Innovation examples 257

Proven technology solutions 259

Frontier technology solutions 264

Horizon technology solutions 268

Bibliography 270

Tables 109

Table 5.1. Wildfires caused by electrical power account for 19% of Cal-Fire-reported acres burned, 2016-2020 109

Table 6.1. presents an overview of GM and CRISPR benefits and concerns 137

Table 7.1. Estimated climate impacts on Europe's largest cities at 1.5℃ and 3℃ scenarios of global warming 164

Table 9.1. Internal displacements 2008-2024 (22.1k disaster events reported) 208

Table 9.2. Pros and cons of shelter solutions 210

Figures 29

Figure 1.1. Total number of countries reporting the existence of MHEWS, 2015-2023 29

Figure 1.2. Number of LDCs, LLDCs and SIDS reporting the existence of MHEWS in 2023 29

Figure 1.3. Disaster-related mortality per 100,000 population, 2014-2023 30

Figure 1.4. Disaster-affected people per 100,000 population, 2014-2023 30

Figure 1.5. Humanitarian risk finance mechanisms aggregated by hazard 33

Figure 2.1. Number of natural disasters worldwide in 2023, by type 39

Figure 2.2. Hurricane forecasting errors in the Atlantic basin per decade, 1960s-2020s (in nautical miles) 42

Figure 2.3. Countries reporting having multi-hazard monitoring and forecasting systems, 2024 45

Figure 3.1. Global total number of people impacted annually by tropical cyclones and level of protection provided by coastal ecosystems, 1992, 2020 and 2050 71

Figure 5.1. Total patent documents on forest fires, 2010-2021 110

Figure 6.1. Liters of water required to produce 1kg of food 136

Figure 6.2. Electricity generation in Peru (gigawatt hours) 142

Figure 7.1. Projected number of air conditioning units to 2050 (in million units) 166

Figure 8.1. Percent share of deaths from all causes attributed to cold or heat, 2015 185

Figure 8.2. Percent share of all deaths attributable to sub-optimal temperatures 185

Figure 9.1. Internal displacements in millions, 2008-20024 (448.6 million total in 211 countries) 208

Figure 10.1. Individuals owning a mobile phone, 2019 and 2024 227

Figure 10.2. Active mobile-broadband subscriptions, 2015, 2020 and 2024 228

Figure 10.3. Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network, 2015, 2020 and 2024 228

Figure 10.4. Hazard types targeted in an application of AI for natural disaster management with a focus on communication elements (from literature published between 2018 and 2021) 235

Figure 11.1. Annual economic damages from disasters as a share of GDP, 1900-2020 (decadal average) 250

Figure 11.2. Annual economic damages from drought as a share of GPD, 1900-2020 (decadal average) 250

Figure 11.3. Annual economic damages from wildfires as a share of GDP, 1900-2020 (decadal average) 251

Boxes 30

Box 1.1. Disaster risk reduction technology challenges facing LDCs, LLDCs and SIDS 30

Box 2.1. Global precipitation measurement (GPM) 43

Box 2.2. History of Doppler radar and its innovations 45

Box 2.3. The next frontier - multi-source data integration is facilitated by big data 47

Box 5.1. The ongoing quest for a better wildfire emergency shelter 115

Box 6.1/Box 35.2. The UNCCD's drought toolbox 140

Box 7.1. The toll of warming on Europe's cities 163

Box 7.2. Key strategies to reduce heat absorption in buildings 168

Box 9.1. The Sphere Handbook: Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 211

Box 9.2. WFP's technological edge in disaster preparedness and response 214

Box 10.1. Based on technology, the Crisis Connectivity Charter and the Emergency Telecommunications Cluster connect agencies during disasters 230

Box 11.1. Overcoming barriers to disaster insurance adoption 253

Box 11.2. UNHCR employs biometric data 256

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