Jörg Böttcher 1 Introduction
Part 1: Overview
Tibor Fischer 2 Investments and Regulation – What Needs to be Done Now: A Systemic Investment Policy for the Further Expansion of Renewable Energies
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Changed Frame of Reference: From Energy Transition to Climate Neutrality
2.3 What Matters Now
Heinz-J. Bontrup 3 Socio-Economic Framework Conditions – The Macroeconomic Effects of the Energy Transition and the Resulting Political Challenges
3.1 Brief Summary
3.2 Introduction
3.3 Social Starting Conditions for the Energy Transition
3.4 Political Failure and the Question of Economic Power
3.5 Problematic Targets of the Energy Transition
3.6 Structural Change Processes and Distribution Contradictions
3.7 Market-based Primary Distribution and the Energy Transition
3.8 Profit Rate and Investments
3.9 High Volume of Public Investment is not Possible Without Public Debt
3.10 State Taxation and Secondary Distribution
Jane O’Sullivan 4 Population – The Emissions Multiplier
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Procreation Decisions in Developed Countries
4.3 Family Size in underdeveloped Countries
4.4 How effective is the population lever?
4.5 Conclusions
Jennifer Kowallik, Alexandra Oboda 5 A Road to Sustainability for Economy and Society
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Executive Summary
5.3 Interrelationships of Sustainable Development
5.4 Management of Sustainable Development
5.5 Sustainability Strategies
5.6 Examples of Applications for the Sectors
5.7 Overview
5.8 Discussion and Outlook
Andreas Gabler 6 The Political Will – The European Path to a Sustainable Future
6.1 Overview
6.2 The Green Deal
6.3 The European Climate Law
6.4 The Green Deal Industrial Plan for the Net-Zero Age
6.5 Action Plan for financing Sustainable Growth
6.6 Summary
Sebastian Helgenberger, Roman Buss 7 Social and Economic Co-Benefits on Our Way to Carbon-Free Societies and Economies
7.1 Co-Benefits: Turning Challenges into Opportunities
7.2 Framing the Discourse
7.3 International Evidence, Key Data and Figures on Important Co-Benefits
7.4 Conclusion: The Multiple Co-Benefits of Renewables in Climate Mitigation – Key Recommendations for Climate Neutrality
Farid Mohamadi 8 CO2 Reduction Measures in Colombia: Seizing Economic Reactivation Opportunities to Overcome Climate Change Challenges
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Part 1: Climate Policies to Create Opportunities
8.3 Part 2: Challenges to Reach the Carbon Neutrality
Kwesi Annan-Takyi 9 Ghana’s Example of De-Carbonization
9.1 Executive Summary
9.2 Introduction
9.3 Sources of Increase in Carbon Emissions
9.4 Planning and Implementation Institutions
9.5 De-Carbonization Activities
9.6 Obstacles and Solutions
9.7 Outlook
Part 2: Sector Specific Approach
Jelto Lange, Michael Schulthoff, Martin Kaltschmitt 10 Status of Renewable Energies and the Way Forward
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Status and Prospect of Renewable Energies
10.3 Additional Necessities in an Increasingly Renewable Energy System – The way Forward
10.4 Conclusion
Oliver Opel, Jörg Böttcher, Darius Bonk, Jim Lukas Armbruster, Marlies Wiegand 11 Heat Pumps
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Technology
11.3 Heat Sources for Large Scale Heat Pumps
11.4 Energy System Integration and Electricity Demand
11.5 Electricity Demand of Heat Pumps
11.6 Economic Aspects of Heat Pumps
11.7 Project Financing of a Large-scale Heat Pump – Key Aspects
11.8 Conclusion
Jörg Böttcher 12 Use of Geothermal Energy
12.1 Geothermal Energy – Introduction
12.2 Geothermal Potential
12.3 Market Development in Geothermal Use
12.4 Project Obstacles and Challenges
12.5 Relevant Individual Risks – Allocation of Responsibilities
12.6 Development of a Financing Structure from the Existing Risk Management
Attakan Janpidok 13 Indonesia’s Deep Geothermal Drilling Program: Background and Experiences
13.1 Introduction
13.2 History of Deep Geothermal Drilling in Indonesia
13.3 Recent Project Economics
13.4 Deep drilling Cost Analysis
13.5 Project Financing: Example of Ulubelu and Lahendong (Tompaso)
13.6 Geothermal Resource Risk Mitigation Facility (GREM)
13.7 Government-led Exploration Drilling Program
Jens Kühne 14 Solar Thermal Systems Within a District Heating Concept
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Fundamentals
14.3 Solar Collector Types
14.4 Dimensioning
14.5 Operation Modes
14.6 Installation
14.7 Area Requirements
14.8 Characteristic Economic Values
14.9 Economic Efficiency
14.10 Funding Opportunities in Germany
Jochen Weilepp 15 Levelized Cost of Electricity – Understanding the Concept and Setting the Right Priorities
15.1 Introduction
15.2 The Concept of Levelized Costs of Electricity
Jörg Böttcher 16 Project Finance – The Finance Method for Established Technologies
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Project Finance – The Importance for the Roll-Out of the Transformation Process
16.3 The Project Financing Method and its Requirements
16.4 Risk Management for Renewable Energy Projects
Kathrin Langewald 17 The Strategic Role of Green Hydrogen in Germany’s International Energy Policy: A South African Case Study
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Germany’s Green Hydrogen Dimension in Promotion of the International Energiewende
17.3 Locating Green Hydrogen in the Wider Economic Context of South Africa
17.4 Methodology
17.5 The Strategic Promotion of the Energiewende and the Green Hydrogen Factor
17.6 Conclusion and Discussion
Thies Goldner, Christoph Torwegge, Felix Jaeger 18 Supportive Systems in a Decarbonized World With Fluctuating Renewable Resources: What Has to be Done?
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Overview Over Existing Support Schemes
18.3 The Need for Re Support Schemes in the Future
18.4 Summary and Outlook
Part 3: General Toolbox
Andreas Luczak 19 The Role of Hydrogen – Technology, Integration and Economics
19.1 Motivation
19.2 Technology
19.3 Avoidance Costs of Green Hydrogen for Different Applications
19.4 Project Examples
19.5 Should the State Accelerate the Ramp up of Green Hydrogen?
19.6 How Could Green Hydrogen be Supported?
19.7 Recommendations
19.8 Conclusion
Nicolai Herrmann 20 Pricing and Trading CO2: Concepts, Assessment and Impacts on Competition
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Internalisation of External Costs
20.3 Instruments for an Internalisation of External Costs
20.4 The EU ETS: A Cap-and-Trade System in Practice
Jasmine Ramsebner 21 The Concept of Sector Coupling: Where is the Business Model?
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Objectives of Sector Coupling
21.3 The Role of Sector Coupling in Renewable Energy Systems
21.4 Sector Coupling: Where is the Business Model?
21.5 Impact of Multiple Energy Crises on the Sector Coupling Business Case
21.6 Conclusion
Tomas Haug, Philipp Hiemann, Lorenz Wieshammer 22 Improvement of Grid Infrastructure
22.1 Executive Summary
22.2 Introduction
22.3 Problem
22.4 Solutions
22.5 Regulation, Financing, Network Tariffs
22.6 Summary
Torsten Cziesla, Alexander Stuckenholz, Jens Thorn 23 Digitalization and Climate Change – Business Models and Services
23.1 Introduction
23.2 The Energy Sectors and the Value-added Chain
23.3 Market Players and Business Processes
23.4 Digitalization of the Energy Industry
23.5 Digital Transformation of the Energy Domain and beyond
23.6 Digitalization in the Business Models
23.7 Conclusion
Jan Lüken 24 Towards a Circular Economy – Business Rationale and Steps Forward
24.1 Introduction
24.2 What is a Circular Economy?
24.3 The current State of the Circular Economy in Europe
24.4 Business Rationales and Steps forwards
24.5 Conclusions
Stefan Wenzel, Adrien Pagano, Clemens Weiß 25 Nuclear Power
25.1 Introduction
25.2 In Search of Nuclear Waste Solutions
25.3 The Role of Nuclear Power in Achieving Climate Neutrality
25.4 Nuclear Power as a means of Energy Transition – Economical and Geopolitical Costs
25.5 Conclusion
Part 4: Industry Specific Solutions
Jörg Böttcher 26 Market Failure and Consequences for the Financing of the Energy Transition
26.1 Significance of Market Failures in Project Financing
26.2 Transactional Market Failure – Why Markets can Stall
26.3 Information Asymmetries – Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard
26.4 Existence of Natural Monopolies
26.5 External Effects
26.6 Public Goods in Project Financing
26.7 Economic Analysis of Contractual Relationships and Partner Selection
Jörg Böttcher 27 Markets and Markets Behaviour – Some Practical Aspects
27.1 Introduction
27.2 The Development of Levelized Cost of Energy
27.3 The Interaction between Developer, Investor and Bank
27.4 The Economic Value of Predictability
27.5 The Concept of a Transformation Funds
List of Contributors
Index