대표어
https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/competition-market-study-of-online-marketplaces-in-poland-latvia-and-lithuania_3134e707-en.html
권호기사보기
| 기사명 | 저자명 | 페이지 | 원문 | 기사목차 |
|---|
국회도서관 홈으로
정보검색
소장정보 검색
결과 내 검색
동의어 포함
-
-
목차보기
Title page 1
Contents 6
Foreword 4
Acknowledgements 5
Abbreviations and acronyms 10
Executive summary 12
1. Introduction 15
1.1. Scope 16
1.2. Approach 16
1.3. Sources of evidence 16
1.3.1. Meetings with stakeholders 16
1.3.2. Stakeholder questionnaires 17
1.3.3. Seller survey 17
1.3.4. SimilarWeb data 17
1.3.5. Publicly available data and information 17
References 18
2. Online marketplaces and their ecosystems 19
2.1. Digital platforms and the e-commerce ecosystem 20
2.1.1. Market dynamics in e-commerce 20
2.1.2. The role of markets in the e-commerce ecosystem: Intersections and dynamics 21
2.2. Online marketplaces as intermediation services 22
2.2.1. Definition of online intermediation services 22
2.2.2. Defining online marketplaces: Distinguishing criteria and key characteristics 23
2.2.3. Online marketplaces' service offering 24
2.3. Online marketplaces' neighbouring markets 25
2.3.1. Online classified ads (OCAS) 25
2.3.2. Online retail 26
2.4. Online marketplaces' related markets 27
2.4.1. Logistics and delivery 27
2.4.2. Payments 29
2.4.3. Authentication and login 29
2.4.4. Cloud Infrastructure 29
2.5. Online marketplaces' supporting markets 30
2.5.1. Comparison shopping services (CSS) 30
2.5.2. Advertising 31
References 32
Notes 32
3. Regulatory framework 34
3.1. Competition law 36
3.2. Digital Markets Act: the ex-ante regulation of digital platforms 39
3.3. Other relevant laws: The broader legislative framework governing online marketplaces in the EU Single Market 41
3.3.1. Legislative framework governing online sales within the EU Single Market 42
3.3.2. Consumer law 43
3.3.3. Transparency in advertising, publishing and delivery pricing 44
3.3.4. Data and privacy law 44
3.3.5. The Digital Services Act (DSA) 45
3.3.6. Financial services and payments 46
References 47
Notes 48
4. Market functioning and key actors 55
4.1. E-commerce trends 56
4.2. Online marketplaces 59
4.2.1. Poland 59
4.2.2. Lithuania 71
4.2.3. Latvia 79
4.3. Neighbouring markets 82
4.3.1. Online classified ads 82
4.3.2. Online retailers 86
4.4. Related and supporting markets 89
4.4.1. Logistics and delivery services 89
4.4.2. Comparison-shopping services 93
References 95
Notes 96
5. Key market features in Poland, Lithuania and Latvia 114
5.1. Local platforms and language support 115
5.2. Price sensitivity and use of comparison-shopping services 117
5.3. Logistics 118
5.4. Payment services 119
References 121
Notes 121
6. Competitive constraints on online marketplaces 124
6.1. Online marketplaces - consumer side 127
6.1.1. Scope of online marketplaces on the consumer side 127
6.1.2. Substitutability between different types of online marketplaces 128
6.1.3. Substitutability with other retail channels 133
6.1.4. Geographic scope of competition 136
6.1.5. Conclusions 137
6.2. Online marketplaces - seller side 137
6.2.1. Scope of online marketplaces on the seller side 138
6.2.2. Substitutability between types of online marketplaces 139
6.2.3. Substitutability with other retail channels 140
6.2.4. Geographic scope of competition 141
6.2.5. Conclusions 142
References 143
Notes 144
7. Assessing the state of competition between online marketplaces 147
7.1. Market share estimates 148
7.1.1. Poland 149
7.1.2. Lithuania 156
7.1.3. Latvia 162
7.1.4. Conclusions 167
7.2. Key dimensions of horizontal competition in online marketplaces 169
7.2.1. Network effects 169
7.2.2. Economies of scale 171
7.2.3. Switching costs and multi-homing 173
7.2.4. Vertical integration 177
7.2.5. Conclusions 178
7.3. Vertical, conglomerate and ecosystem dimensions of competition in online marketplaces 179
7.3.1. Competitive impact of logistics integration 180
7.3.2. Advantages and risks arising from payments services integration 182
7.3.3. Expansion into other consumer-facing services 183
7.3.4. Implications of geographic expansion 184
7.3.5. Data accumulation across platform ecosystems 185
7.3.6. Risks to competition from expanding ecosystems 188
7.3.7. Conclusions 189
7.4. Risks of reduced market contestability, entrenchment and tipping 190
References 194
Notes 195
8. Concerns vis-à-vis business users 200
8.1. Structural features of the relationship between online marketplaces and sellers 201
8.1.1. Potential conflict of interest arising from the dual role of online marketplaces 201
8.1.2. Seller's structural reliance on online marketplaces 203
8.1.3. Informational and logistical imbalances in platform governance 206
8.1.4. Conclusion 208
8.2. Potential competitive risks to sellers 209
8.2.1. Self-preferencing 209
8.2.2. Imposition of unfair trading conditions 212
8.2.3. Most Favoured Nations (MFN) clauses 213
8.2.4. Tying 216
8.3. Conclusion 218
References 220
Notes 220
9. Summary of findings 224
9.1. Incumbent online marketplaces have limited competitive constraints in all three jurisdictions 226
9.2. The leading incumbent players hold substantial power vis-à-vis sellers 230
10. Recommendations 232
10.1. Measures to address platforms' market power by enhancing enforcement, market monitoring and compliance 233
10.1.1. Investigate where necessary to tackle existing risks of anticompetitive conduct 234
10.1.2. Establish dedicated ongoing monitoring mechanisms for digital markets 234
10.1.3. Ensure data use is not restricting competition 237
10.1.4. Strengthen the institutional framework to enhance antitrust enforcement 237
10.1.5. Reduce barriers to entry and expansion by increasing compliance 238
10.1.6. Facilitate cross border competition and promote the EU single market 239
10.2. Measures to ensure pro-competitive marketplace trading practices 239
10.2.1. Evaluate the effective implementation and enforcement of the P2B Regulation 242
10.2.2. Exploring a code of conduct for online marketplaces 243
References 243
Notes 244
Annex A. SimilarWeb data analysis methodology 245
Annex B. Relevant laws and regulations 254
Figure 2.1. Logistics and delivery supply chain 28
Figure 4.1. E-commerce sales as a percentage of total business turnover in Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and EU average 2015-2025 56
Figure 4.2. Percentage of individuals that made a purchase online in the past 12 months in Latvia, Lithuania and Poland, 2010-2025 57
Figure 4.3. Marketplace revenue of Polish online marketplace Allegro, 2017-2024 61
Figure 4.4. Revenue of Polish online marketplace Allegro, by service, 2017-2024 61
Figure 4.5. Revenue of Lithuanian online marketplaces Pigu and Varle, 2018-2023 71
Figure 4.6. Monthly engaged visits to Temu's website from users based in Lithuania, August 2022-January 2026 77
Figure 4.7. Revenue of Latvian online marketplace Pigu (220.lv), 2018-2023 79
Figure 4.8. Monthly engaged visits to Temu's website from users based in Latvia, August 2022-January 2026 81
Figure 6.1. Ratio of monthly visits to unique visitors (Panel A) and bounce rate (Panel B) for Allegro and Temu's websites, Poland, May 2023-January 2026 131
Figure 6.2. User retention rate for Allegro and Temu's apps, Poland, January 2025-December 2025 132
Figure 7.1. Core general online marketplaces (consumer side) by share of traffic in Poland, July 2022-January 2026 149
Figure 7.2. All general online marketplaces (consumer side) by share of traffic in Poland, July 2022-January 2026 151
Figure 7.3. Core general online marketplaces (consumer side) by share of traffic in Lithuania, August 2022-January 2026 157
Figure 7.4. All general online marketplaces (consumer side) by share of traffic in Lithuania, August 2022-January 2026 158
Figure 7.5. Core general online marketplaces (consumer side) by share of traffic in Latvia, July 2022-January 2026 163
Figure 7.6. All general online marketplaces (consumer side) by share of traffic in Latvia, July 2022-January 2026 164
Figure 7.7. Audience overlap across the top 5 online marketplaces, Poland 170
Figure 7.8. Overlap in website audience between key online marketplaces and retailers, April-September 2025 175
Figure 7.9. The leading platform's share of traffic in core general online marketplaces from the consumer side (Panel A) and from the seller side (Panel B),... 191
Boxes 9
Box 3.1. National competition law and enforcement actions undertaken in Poland over the last five years within the relevant sector 38
Box 3.2. Platform-to-Business regulation 42
Box 6.1. Competition authorities' approaches to market definition and market shares in online marketplaces 125
Box 7.1. Temu's traffic spike in Poland (March-April 2025) 152
Box 7.2. Key Antitrust Decision in the E-commerce Sector on the Use of Competitors' Data 187
Box 8.1. The Amazon case - Asymmetry of power and hybrid platform risks 211
Box 10.1. Digital markets monitoring: international experience 235
Box 10.2. The use of sectoral codes of conduct 241
MARC 보기
오류 데이터 정정요청
*표시는 필수 입력사항입니다.
알림톡 발송
| 전화번호 |
|---|
개인정보 수정 바로가기
연속간행물 권호 선택
우편복사 안내
- ◾ 도서관을 방문하지 못할 경우 인터넷, 팩스 등으로 자료 복사를 신청하고, 복사물을 우편·팩스 등으로 제공받는 서비스
- ◾ 대상자료: 일반도서, 연속간행물 및 학위논문
- ※ 고서, 고잡지, 훼손될 우려가 있는 자료, 마이크로폼 자료 및 신문 등 제외
- ◾ 신청 책수: 1인 5책 이하(1일 기준)
- ◾ 신청 절차: 자료 검색 → 우편복사 목록담기 → 복사 범위 입력 → 우편복사 주문서 입력 → 접수 및 확인
- ※ 저작권법에 의거하여 부분 복사(전체 페이지 수의 1/3 범위 이내)만 가능
- ◾ 복사 범위 입력 예시: (연속 페이지) 1-30, (부분 페이지) 25, 30-40
| 번호 | 발행일자 | 권호명 | 제본정보 | 자료실 | 원문 | 신청 페이지 |
|---|
도서위치안내(서울관)
도서위치안내: / 서가번호:
0
확인
우편복사 목록담기를 완료하였습니다.
내서재에 담기
새로운 서재
*표시는 필수 입력사항입니다.
저장
저장 되었습니다.