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https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/facilitating-trade-in-the-association-of-southeast-asian-nations_71254407-en.html
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Title page 1
Contents 6
Foreword 4
Acknowledgements 5
Executive summary 9
1. Introduction 12
2. Trade facilitation frameworks in ASEAN 13
3. Key trends in trade facilitation in ASEAN through the lens of the OECD TFIs 15
3.1. There is steady progress in trade facilitation across all AMS 15
3.2. Heterogeneity of performance remains significant 18
3.3. ASEAN TFIs performance in perspective 19
4. A closer look at the implementation of trade facilitation measures 21
4.1. Transparency and predictability 21
4.2. Automating and streamlining trade documents and procedures 29
4.3. Border agency co-operation mechanisms 36
4.4. Governance and impartiality 40
5. Further trade facilitation reforms are critical to promote competitiveness and resilience in AMS 42
5.1. Trade facilitation reforms have contributed to trade cost reductions, but more can be achieved 42
5.2. Trade facilitation reforms also increasingly matter for resilience 43
5.3. Closing the gap between trade facilitation commitments and their implementation in practice would deliver further trade benefits 44
6. Trade facilitation reforms for new challenges and opportunities in ASEAN 46
References 48
Notes 49
Annex A. About the OECD Trade Facilitation Indicators 50
Annex B. ASEAN average performance by area 57
Annex C. Trade facilitation performance by AMS 59
Figure 3.1. ASEAN's trade facilitation developments: Uneven but rising progress by policy area 16
Figure 3.2. ASEAN performance: From early gains in transparency to a post-2022 surge in border co-operation 17
Figure 3.3. All AMS are improving their trade facilitation policy environment, albeit at different speeds 18
Figure 3.4. Performance amongst AMS diverges most in streamlining of trade-related documents, automation and advance rulings systems 19
Figure 3.5. Performance in ASEAN compared with other regions 20
Figure 4.1. More systematic efforts are required to improve the depth and comprehensiveness of trade-related information 22
Figure 4.2. Implementation on guidelines and institutional mechanisms for public consultations remains uneven and limited in scope 23
Figure 4.3. Challenges continue to limit the effectiveness of advance ruling systems 24
Figure 4.4. Greater clarity, accessibility, and impartiality would strengthen appeal procedures systems 26
Figure 4.5. Efforts are required to enhance transparency and predictability of fees and charges 27
Figure 4.6. Trade-related documents can be further simplified and harmonised in the region 29
Figure 4.7. Bridging the gap between domestic reforms and regional interoperability can help reduce uneven performance in automation 31
Figure 4.8. Recent reforms in streamlining procedures are reflected in the generally strong average performance of measures within this area 33
Figure 4.9. The domestic regulatory environment is becoming increasingly supportive for electronic transactions, but barriers are increasing... 35
Figure 4.10. Increasing barriers on e-payments and connectivity highlight divergent levels of digital readiness for going paperless among AMS, 2024 35
Figure 4.11. The steady progress in domestic mechanisms for border agency co-operation is reflected in the relatively strong average... 37
Figure 4.12. External border agency co-operation builds on the progress in domestic mechanisms 39
Figure 4.13. Governance and impartiality is one of the areas of best average performance 41
Figure 5.1. Trade costs reductions associated to trade facilitation reforms a decade after the conclusion of the WTO TFA (2012-22): Achievements... 43
Figure 5.2. Trade facilitation reforms can help maintain supply in case of shocks and enable new trade relationships 44
Figure 5.3. The trade flow response to improving operational practices is stronger than that for the implementation of regulatory frameworks 45
Boxes 25
Box 4.1. ASEAN-Wide Self-Certification (AWSC) Scheme 25
Box 4.2. Transparency and predictability: Potential areas for action 28
Box 4.3. Going paperless in ASEAN: The wider environment for the digitalisation of trade-related documents and processes in AMS 34
Box 4.4. Automating and streamlining of trade-related documents and procedures 36
Box 4.5. Transit trade facilitation in ASEAN: Progress and challenges 38
Box 4.6. Border agency co-operation: Potential areas for action 40
Box 4.7. Governance and impartiality: Potential areas for action 41
Figure A B.1. ASEAN average performance by area, 2012-24 57
Figure A B.2. ASEAN Members: Improvements by area, 2022-24 58
Figure A C.1. Brunei Darussalam: Evolution of trade facilitation performance by AMS, 2012-24 59
Figure A C.2. Cambodia: Evolution of trade facilitation performance by AMS, 2012-24 60
Figure A C.3. Indonesia: Evolution of trade facilitation performance by AMS, 2012-24 60
Figure A C.4. Lao PDR: Evolution of trade facilitation performance by AMS, 2012-24 61
Figure A C.5. Malaysia: Evolution of trade facilitation performance by AMS, 2012-24 61
Figure A C.6. Myanmar: Evolution of trade facilitation performance by AMS, 2012-24 62
Figure A C.7. Philippines: Evolution of trade facilitation performance by AMS, 2012-24 62
Figure A C.8. Singapore: Evolution of trade facilitation performance by AMS, 2012-24 63
Figure A C.9. Thailand: Evolution of trade facilitation performance by AMS, 2012-24 63
Figure A C.10. Viet Nam: Evolution of trade facilitation performance by AMS, 2012-24 64
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