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Title page 1

Contents 6

Foreword 4

Acknowledgements 5

Abbreviations and acronyms 8

Executive summary 10

The DAC's recommendations to Italy 12

Findings 16

Context 17

Towards a more fit-for-purpose institutional system 20

Team Italy: A whole-of-government approach to co-ordinating development efforts, with a focus on Africa 38

Migration and development nexus 48

Policies, instruments and partnerships for private sector engagement 57

References 70

Notes 80

Annex A. Progress since the 2019 DAC peer review recommendations 89

Annex B. Progress against OECD legal instruments under the responsibility of the DAC 92

Annex C. Organisations consulted during the peer review 102

Tables 7

Table 1. The 2024-2026 Programming and Policy Planning Document expands Italy's priority partners to 38 21

Table 2. Italy's cumulative ODA budget is made up of two main funding sources 25

Table 3. Evolution of the Italian Climate Fund 28

Table 4. Italy's bilateral ODA to Africa by extending agency, 2020-2024 44

Table 5. Migration and development milestones 50

Table 6. Italy's whole-of-society approach to migration and development 56

Table 7. AICS and CDP provide Italy's main development co-operation instruments for private sector engagement 66

Figures 6

Figure 1. The Italian Development Co-operation System 19

Figure 2. Italy's ODA rebounded after 2020 due to in-donor refugee costs, but remains below its 2022 peak 22

Figure 3. Italy's ODA flows are highest to least developed countries and fragile contexts 23

Figure 4. Italy's reporting against the gender equality and disability inclusion policy markers is relatively stable 24

Figure 5. The proportion of loans as a percentage of bilateral ODA, particularly to LDCs, is increasing and expected to continue 26

Figure 6. Budget support is rising, driven in part by the Italian Climate Fund 29

Figure 7. Partnerships with Italian CSOs are primarily defined by calls for proposal 32

Figure 8. Less than one-quarter of Italy's support to its top UN recipients is core, unearmarked support 35

Figure 9. Africa is clearly reflected as a key priority in Italy's bilateral ODA 40

Figure 10. Nearly half of Italy's priority countries in Africa align with Mattei Plan countries 40

Figure 11. Mandates and participation across relevant co-ordination bodies 42

Figure 12. Reconciling top-down and bottom-up approaches to Italy's programme design 43

Figure 13. The role of Joint Declarations, Country co-operation frameworks and annual programming for Italy's engagement in partner countries 45

Figure 14. Africa focus is driven primarily by MAECI and MEF, with limited shifts to date across other Team Italy actors 46

Figure 15. Italy's migration-related bilateral ODA rose in 2022 alongside a spike in in-donor refugee costs, while ODA in other areas remains low 51

Figure 16. Italy's ODA for private sector development has been stagnant in recent years and remains modest overall 58

Figure 17. Various actors are involved in Italy's private sector engagement efforts 60

Boxes 7

Box 1. The Italian Climate Fund: Advancing development and sustainability goals 27

Box 2. System-wide missions as a driver for more unified engagement in partner countries 47

Box 3. Italy's comprehensive approach to migration in the Horn of Africa 52

Box 4. Italy's partnership-based approach to supporting Ethiopia's coffee sector 63

Infographics 7

Infographic 1. Highlights from the 2026 Development Co-operation Peer Review of Italy 14

Infographic 2. Italy's development co-operation at a glance 15

Annex Tables 7

Table A B.1. Performance against commitments and DAC recommendations 92