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Title page 1
Contents 5
Foreword 8
About the series 10
About the author 11
Acknowledgements 12
Ethics approval 13
Introduction 14
1. The global triumph of grades 22
2. Schooling and grading - the German way 34
3. Educational realities in a disadvantaged comprehensive school 48
4. 'What did you get?' Lateral and hierarchical visibility through grades 63
5. 'It's understandable if it destroys you, right?' Students' graded identities 82
6. 'To assign people their place in society' - Marks and meritocracy 98
7. 'Mostly in the heart' - Discipline and the corporeality of being graded 114
8. 'She can make you into a tramp' - Testimonial injustice against the bearers of numbers 138
9. On the ethics of quantification 160
Conclusion 181
Appendix A: Translations of student resolutions 192
Appendix B: Additional student drawings 193
References 195
Index 225
Figure 2.1. The German grading scale 45
Figure 2.2. Conversion table from points to Abitur GPA (adapted from MSB NRW 2018a) 46
Figure 4.1. Student overview for the grade conference 77
Figure 6.1. A public display of student resolutions in a year eight classroom 104
Figure 7.1. Felix's drawing 131
Figure 7.2. Jamil's drawing 132
Figure 7.3. Nayla's drawing 132
Figure 7.4. Valentin's drawing 133
Figure A.1. Translation of student resolutions (depicted as Figure 6.1) 192
Figure B.1. Lena's drawing 193
Figure B.2. Dennis's drawing 194
There are few things left on earth that people have not attempted to measure. From temperature to time, from finances to football, numbers are a crucial mediator of how we perceive and understand the world we live in. Increasingly, however, it is humans themselves who are the subject of quantification. Our fitness and success, even our personality traits and attractiveness, are now the stuff of scales and scores. But what does it do to us to be on the receiving end of such measurement?
One of the world's most successful global metrics is the school grade. Long predating the digital age, educational marks can be traced back at least to sixteenth-century European schools and have since conquered the world, becoming the indicator of academic achievement.
To understand what it means to be quantified, No?lle Rohde undertook in-depth fieldwork in a German comprehensive school where students receive more than one hundred grades per year. By staying close to the pupils as they are continually examined and assessed, her ethnography illustrates how marks mould students' self-images, how they enforce meritocratic thinking and serve as a potent disciplinary tool. Marked: School Grades and the Quantified Life not only offers a nuanced account of the effects of grades on students, but also tells a cautionary tale of the increasing quantification of human life.
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