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Title page 1
Contents 8
Foreword 4
Acknowledgements 5
Editorial 7
Abbreviations and acronyms 10
Executive summary 12
1. Bioeconomy is gaining momentum 13
Introduction 14
Bioeconomy aspires to be a new development paradigm 14
Policies targeting bioeconomy are gaining ground 16
Brazil prioritises bioeconomy for sustainable development 19
The G20 has launched an Initiative on Bioeconomy 24
Conclusions 26
References 27
2. Bioeconomy could be a game changer for the Amazon region 30
Introduction 31
The Amazon region in Brazil faces multiple development challenges 31
Sustainability should drive development in the Amazon 37
Conclusions 50
References 50
Notes 55
3. Bioeconomy calls for a knowledge governance that delivers on inclusion and equity 56
Introduction 57
Innovating in the Amazon requires frameworks for equitable benefit sharing 57
Innovating through partnerships should benefit local communities 62
Seven game changers to enable bioeconomy innovation in the Amazon 68
Conclusions 71
References 72
Notes 75
Figure 1.1. Brazil has adopted a whole of government approach to bioeconomy policy, 2024 20
Figure 1.2. National public budget allocated to bioeconomy in Brazil, Colombia, India and South Africa 23
Figure 2.1. Access to basic services in the Amazon region in Brazil is lower than the national average 33
Figure 2.2. The Amazon region in Brazil mostly exports mining and soybean-related products 33
Figure 2.3. Regional integration in LAC could boost bioeconomy exports from the Amazon 35
Figure 2.4. The United States and France are the two top foreign investors in the Amazon 36
Figure 2.5. FDI in the Amazon region in Brazil has shifted from metals to renewable energy 37
Figure 2.6. Crops followed by cocoa, açaí, cassava and coffee lead agricultural production in the Amazon region 38
Figure 2.7. The Amazon region in Brazil is starting to diversify production and is developing non-timber forest products (NTFPs) 39
Figure 2.8. 97% of municipalities in the Amazon in Brazil have mobile internet speed below the national average 41
Figure 2.9. Overall biodiversity-related development finance to Amazon countries (2015-2023) 43
Figure 2.10. About 32% of agricultural holdings in the Amazon region in Brazil are below 10 hectares compared to 50% for the national average 46
Figure 2.11. SMEs generate 77% of employment in bioeconomy-related sectors in the Amazon region in Brazil, 2021 49
Figure 3.1. Brazil is among the top 3 countries in publications on bioeconomy in the Amazon 63
Figure 3.2. Brazil holds 0.2% of world biotechnology patents and 37% of LAC ones 64
Figure 3.3. The Amazon region in Brazil is home to only 1.5% of all start-up hubs in bioeconomy-related activities in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2024 65
Boxes 9
Box 1.1. Bioeconomy in practice: What are some activities which different countries define as "bioeconomy"? 15
Box 1.2. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and ecosystem services 18
Box 1.3. The Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organisation 22
Box 1.4. Brazil and France's partnership for bioeconomy 22
Box 1.5. G20 High-level Principles on Bioeconomy 24
Box 2.1. How the Amazon region is defined in this report 32
Box 2.2. The Manaus Free Trade Zone for manufacturing production 34
Box 2.3. Biodiversity-related finance channelled to Amazon countries 43
Box 2.4. Programmes for start-up acceleration in bioeconomy: The case of Colombia and Malaysia 47
Box 2.5. Peru fosters exports from small firms in the Amazon 49
Box 3.1. India's Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) 62
Box 3.2. The Inter-American Development Bank Amazonia Forever Program and the Network of Research Institutes in the Amazon 67
Box 3.3. Private sector-led partnerships can foster equitable benefit sharing and innovation in the Amazon 68
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