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Title page 1

Contents 8

Foreword 4

Acknowledgements 5

Executive summary 6

1. Global perspectives: Overview of the world market 10

1.1. Shipbuilding 11

1.1.1. Orderbook 11

1.1.2. Completions 13

1.1.3. Capacity 15

1.1.4. Labour 17

1.1.5. Shipbuilding cost 20

1.2. Other market 23

1.2.1. Global supply chain (Marine equipment) 23

1.2.2. Conversion & repair 25

1.3. Market trends 28

1.3.1. Patenting activity 29

1.3.2. Decarbonisation 32

1.3.3. Alternative fuel trends 33

1.3.4. Energy Saving Technologies 36

2. Structure and characteristics: Feature of Japanese maritime industry 39

2.1. Structure of the Industry 40

2.1.1. Economic significance of maritime industry 40

2.1.2. Export and import 41

2.2. Components of the Industry 44

2.2.1. Private sector 44

2.2.2. Public sector 50

2.2.3. Support measures and policies 50

3. Competitiveness 52

3.1. Feature of the shipbuilding industry in Japan (SWOT analysis) 53

3.1.1. Strengths 53

3.1.2. Weaknesses 53

3.1.3. Opportunities 53

3.1.4. Threats 54

3.2. Comparative analysis of Japan and Korea in the shipbuilding industry 55

Annex A. Recent measures for shipbuilding sector 56

References 57

Tables 9

Table 1.1. Number of shipbuilding employees 17

Table 1.2. Age structure 18

Table 1.3. Foreign workers ratio 19

Table 1.4. Main products of Japanese marine equipment industry in 2020, 2022 and 2024 24

Table 1.5. Types of upgrades performed by Japanese yards 26

Table 1.6. List of patent codes 31

Table 1.7. Overview of the Next-Generation Ship Development Project 32

Table 1.8. Orderbook comparison: fuel types 36

Table 3.1. SWOT analysis of the Japan shipbuilding industry 54

Figures 8

Figure 1.1. Global orderbook development 12

Figure 1.2. Global completion volumes 13

Figure 1.3. Proportion of vessel type in Japan, 2005-2024 14

Figure 1.4. Japanese shipyard capacity estimations 15

Figure 1.5. Japanese shipyard capacity compared to total global shipyard capacity 16

Figure 1.6. Total size and composition of Japanese shipbuilding employment 18

Figure 1.7. Japan's age structure of skilled shipbuilding workers 19

Figure 1.8. Steel price 20

Figure 1.9. Labour costs 21

Figure 1.10. Producer Price Index 22

Figure 1.11. Export Portfolio of Japan's Marine Equipment Industry by Product Category 25

Figure 1.12. Number of repairs in Japan compared to world trend 25

Figure 1.13. Repair events divided by activity types 26

Figure 1.14. EST retrofits (2018-21.08.2025) 27

Figure 1.15. Japan's internal research expenses of companies in shipbuilding and maritime equipment in millions USD 29

Figure 1.16. Patent share for ships and related equipment by country from 2015 until 2024 30

Figure 1.17. Development of low-carbon patents, global 30

Figure 1.18. Development of low-carbon patents, Japan 31

Figure 1.19. Energy-related CO₂ emissions (tCO₂) by shipbuilding-related company for 2021 33

Figure 1.20. Cumulative LNG-capable ship completions per top builder country (2014-2023) 34

Figure 1.21. Methanol-capable vessels: fleet vs. orderbook by builder country (2001-2031) 34

Figure 1.22. LPG-capable vessels: fleet vs. orderbook by builder country (2015-2029) 35

Figure 1.23. Orderbook Japan alternative fuel type breakdown 35

Figure 1.24. ESTs in global fleet by builder country (2025) 37

Figure 1.25. ESTs: Fleet vs. orderbook by builder country (2026) 38

Figure 2.1. Revenue and contribution to GDP by 11 major Japanese shipbuilders, 2009-2023 41

Figure 2.2. Major owners of vessels built in Japan 42

Figure 2.3. Development of owners of vessels built in Japan 42

Figure 2.4. Export volume and value of vessels 43

Figure 2.5. Top 20 Shipbuilder group globally (2024) 45

Figure 2.6. Top 10 Builder groups in Japan (2005-2014, 2015-2024) 46

Figure 2.7. Top 20 shipyards in Japan (2015-2024) 47

Figure 2.8. Estimations of capacity for top 10 Japanese shipbuilders, 3-year interval 48

Figure 2.9. Estimations of capacity for top 10 Japanese shipbuilders, 15-year interval 48