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Title page 1

Contents 6

Foreword 4

Acknowledgements 5

Abbreviations and acronyms 9

Executive summary 11

1. Overview 13

Introduction 14

Key Findings 18

References 32

2. AI in agriculture 33

Introduction 34

Overview of the EU agricultural sector and the strategic role of AI 36

Spotlight on selected AI use-cases in agriculture 52

References 71

Notes 85

3. AI in healthcare 86

Introduction 87

Overview of the EU healthcare sector and the strategic role of AI 90

Spotlight on selected AI use-cases in healthcare 98

References 122

4. AI in manufacturing 129

Introduction 130

Overview of the EU manufacturing sector and the strategic role of AI 132

Spotlight on selected AI use-cases in manufacturing 145

References 166

5. AI in mobility 175

Introduction 176

Overview of the EU mobility sector and the strategic role of AI 178

Spotlight on selected AI application fields in mobility 188

References 220

Note 227

Tables 7

Table 1.1. Overview of selected use-cases 16

Table 1.2. Completed interviews by sector 17

Table 2.1. Examples of application fields of AI throughout the agricultural cycle 46

Table 2.2. Summary table for the AI use-cases analysed 53

Table 3.1. Examples of AI applications of AI in healthcare 94

Table 3.2. Overview of findings for selected AI use-cases in healthcare 98

Table 4.1. Examples of application fields of AI in manufacturing 136

Table 4.2. Summary table based on literature review 146

Table 5.1. Overview of AI application fields in mobility 180

Table 5.2. Overview of results for selected AI application field in mobility 188

Table 5.3. Reported uptake of AI applications in public transport 205

Table 5.4. Reported uptake of AI applications in maritime transport 215

Figures 7

Figure 1.1. The four pillars of the EU Coordinated Plan on AI 14

Figure 2.1. Contribution of Member States to EU agricultural industry output, 2024 36

Figure 2.2. Developments for real gross value added by economic activity in the European Union 37

Figure 2.3. Agricultural production value among different regions (2020-2023) 38

Figure 2.4. Output type of the EU agricultural industry 38

Figure 2.5. EU farms by type of specialisation 40

Figure 2.6. Data sources for AI in agriculture 42

Figure 2.7. An AI pipeline from data to decisions 42

Figure 2.8. Stages in the agriculture cycle 42

Figure 2.9. Illustrative examples of AI use in agriculture 43

Figure 2.10. Venture capital investments in AI-driven, agri-tech start-ups in the European Union 49

Figure 3.1. Healthcare spending relative to GDP (2022) 90

Figure 3.2. Beds in hospitals and long-term care facilities (2022) 91

Figure 3.3. Practising doctors per 1 000 population, 2010 and 2022 (or nearest year) 92

Figure 3.4. Increase in the share of the population aged 65 years and over between 2014 and 2024 93

Figure 3.5. AI talent concentration in hospitals and healthcare in EU Member States 96

Figure 3.6. Venture capital investments in healthcare, drugs and biotechnology start-ups in the European Union 98

Figure 3.7. AI in the medicines lifecycle 113

Figure 4.1. Number of enterprises by manufacturing industries, 2023 132

Figure 4.2. Number of employees by manufacturing industry, 2023 133

Figure 4.3. Enterprises using AI technologies in manufacturing in EU Member States 139

Figure 4.4. AI talent concentration in the manufacturing sector in EU Member States 139

Figure 4.5. Enterprises using AI technologies by economic activity in the European Union, 2024 140

Figure 4.6. Enterprises using AI technologies in the manufacturing industry in the European Union 141

Figure 4.7. AI use-cases in EU manufacturing enterprises 142

Figure 4.8. Enterprises using AI technologies by function in the European Union, 2024 143

Figure 4.9. AI use for image recognition across manufacturing industries in the European Union, 2021 and 2024 144

Figure 4.10. AI use for robotic process automation across manufacturing industries in the European Union, 2021 and 2024 144

Figure 4.11. Perceived barriers to AI adoption in manufacturing in the European Union, 2024 145

Figure 4.12. AI-driven predictive maintenance process 147

Figure 5.1. Modal split of freight transport in the European Union, 2012-2022 179

Figure 5.2. Enterprises using AI technologies by economic activity in the European Union, 2024 182

Figure 5.3. Enterprises using AI technologies by type of purpose and economic activity, 2024 184

Figure 5.4. Enterprises using AI technologies by function in the European Union, 2024 184

Figure 5.5. Enterprises in the transport and storage sector using AI technologies by EU Member State, 2024 185

Figure 5.6. AI talent concentration in transport, logistics, supply chain and storage sectors in EU Member States 186

Figure 5.7. Venture capital investments in mobility and automated vehicles start-ups in the European Union 187

Boxes 8

Box 1.1. Key recommendations to enhance AI uptake in agriculture in the European Union 21

Box 1.2. Key recommendations to enhance AI uptake in healthcare in the European Union 24

Box 1.3. Key recommendations to enhance AI uptake in manufacturing in the European Union 28

Box 1.4. Key recommendations to enhance AI uptake in mobility in the European Union 31

Box 2.1. Horizon Europe projects in robotics for agriculture 55

Box 2.2. GeoPard Agriculture: AI-driven field analytics for precision farming 62

Box 2.3. Cropler: AI-powered, plan-level crop monitoring for precision agriculture 67

Box 2.4. DunavNET: AI and IoT turnkey solutions provider for digital agriculture 68

Box 3.1. AI-powered solutions for radiology in Estonia and Copenhagen 102

Box 3.2. Neuro-symbolic AI for patient triage: Infermedica's Conversational Triage 108

Box 3.3. AI-powered solutions for target selection: Turbine's Simulated Cell™ platform 115

Box 4.1. Continuous and discrete manufacturing 134

Box 5.1. AI-powered tools for road infrastructure monitoring: Autonomous Road Inspector and Detekt 191

Box 5.2. Common European mobility data space 196

Box 5.3. AIAMO - Foundation models for AI-based urban mobility management 201

Box 5.4. AI start-ups enabling sustainable electric fleet management 213

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알라딘제공
The report analyses the uptake of artificial intelligence (AI) in the European Union in the agriculture, health, manufacturing and mobility sectors. The findings are informed by sectoral literature reviews, stakeholder interviews, and insights from dedicated workshops.

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