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Title page 1

Contents 5

Foreword 4

Abbreviations and acronyms 7

Executive summary 9

1. Introduction and overview 11

2. Trade and investment policies and agreements as levers to encourage responsible business conduct 15

2.1. Promoting responsible business conduct through trade and investment promotion and facilitation policies 16

2.1.1. Trade promotion policies 16

2.1.2. Investment promotion and facilitation policies 17

2.2. Promoting responsible business conduct through trade and investment agreements 19

3. State of play of the inclusion of responsible business conduct considerations in the trade and investment promotion and facilitation policies... 22

3.1. Responsible business conduct in the trade promotion policies of MENA+T Programme Countries 23

3.1.1. Responsible business conduct in financial trade support 23

3.1.2. Responsible business conduct in non-financial trade support 25

3.2. Responsible business conduct in the investment promotion and facilitation policies of MENA+T Programme Countries 28

4. Stocktaking of the inclusion of responsible business conduct considerations in the trade and investment agreements of MENA+T Programme Countries 34

4.1. Sustainability provisions in trade and investment agreements concluded by MENA+T Programme Countries 35

4.2. Responsible business conduct clauses in trade and investment agreements concluded by MENA+T Programme Countries 40

5. The role of National Contact Points in the promotion of responsible business conduct through trade and investment policies and agreements 45

5.1. NCPs' role to promote policy coherence for responsible business conduct 46

5.2. MENA+T Programme NCPs' involvement in trade and investment policymaking and negotiations 48

6. Harnessing trade and investment policies and agreements to further promote responsible business conduct in MENA+T Programme Countries 53

Annex A. What is responsible business conduct? 56

OECD instruments on responsible business conduct 57

Other OECD instruments on trade and investment relevant to responsible business conduct 60

Annex B. References to responsible business conduct and related clauses in MENA+T Programme Countries' trade and investment agreements 62

Annex C. MENA+T Programme NCPs' main characteristics and links to trade and investment matters 78

References 82

Notes 94

Tables 6

Table 3.1. Overview of the use of trade promotion as a lever to promote responsible business conduct in MENA+T Programme Countries 28

Table 3.2. Inclusion of sustainability among investment laws' objectives in MENA+T Programme Countries 29

Table 3.3. Overview of the use of investment promotion and facilitation as a lever to promote responsible business conduct in MENA+T Programme Countries 32

Table 5.1. Characteristics of MENA+T Programme NCPs relevant for the promotion of responsible business conduct through trade and investment 50

Figures 6

Figure 4.1. Evolution over time of the inclusion of sustainability provisions in MENA+T Programme Countries' trade and investment agreements 35

Figure 4.2. Sustainability provisions in the Korea-Türkiye FTA 37

Figure 4.3. Examples of detailed responsible business conduct clauses included in MENA+T Programme Countries' trade and investment agreements 40

Figure 4.4. Areas of the MNE Guidelines mentioned in responsible business conduct clauses included in MENA+T Programme Countries' trade and... 41

Figure 4.5. Investors' obligations under the Investment Protocol to the AfCFTA 43

Figure 5.1. NCP engagement with trade and investment officials (2023-2025) 47

Figure 5.2. Examples of interactions between NCPs and trade and investment officials 48

Figure 5.3. Location of MENA+T Programme NCPs in government 49

Figure 5.4. MENA+T Programme NCPs' actions to enhance policy coherence and encourage responsible business conduct through trade and... 51

Figure 5.5. Examples of MENA+T Programme NCPs' involvement in trade and investment negotiations or policymaking 52

Boxes 16

Box 2.1. Examples of government measures to promote responsible business conduct through trade promotion 16

Box 2.2. Examples of government measures to promote responsible business conduct through investment promotion and facilitation 18

Box 2.3. Examples of sustainability provisions and RBC clauses in trade and investment agreements 20

Box 2.4. The inclusion of a responsible business conduct clause in the WTO's Investment Facilitation for Development Agreement 21

Box 3.1. Integration of responsible business conduct considerations in Türk Eximbank's financial trade support 23

Box 3.2. Responsible business conduct considerations in Morocco's non-financial export support programmes 26

Box 3.3. The use of country brands to encourage responsible business practices in other regions: The case of "Essential Costa Rica" 27

Box 3.4. Integration of responsible business conduct considerations in investment incentives in MENA+T: The case of Jordan and Morocco 30

Box 3.5. GAFI's Sustainable Development Award 32

Box 4.1. Detailed sustainability provisions in MENA+T Programme Countries' trade and investment agreements 37

Box 4.2. The Joint Committee of the EFTA-Türkiye FTA: A forum to advance fundamental labour rights and environmental protection 38

Box 4.3. Responsible business conduct clauses in MENA+T trade and investment agreements setting out investors' obligations:... 42

Box 4.4. Intergovernmental co-operation on responsible business conduct sparked by trade and investment agreements:... 43

Annex Tables 6

Table A A.1. OECD legal instruments on trade and investment relevant to responsible business conduct 60

Table A B.1. References to RBC and RBC clauses in trade agreements concluded by MENA+T Programme Countries 62

Table A B.2. References to RBC and RBC clauses in investment agreements concluded by MENA+T Programme Countries 63

Table A C.1. MENA+T Programme NCPs' main characteristics and links to trade and investment matters 78

Annex Figures 6

Figure A A.1. The six-step due diligence process 58

Figure A A.2. The axes of the OECD Recommendation on the Role of Government in Promoting RBC 60

Annex Boxes 56

Box A A.1. Responsible business conduct, corporate social responsibility, and business and human rights: How are these concepts related? 56

Box A A.2. The due diligence process and supporting measures 58

Box A A.3. OECD Sector-Specific Due Diligence Guidance 59

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