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https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-compendium-of-productivity-indicators-2026_734a5e68-en.html
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Title page 1
Contents 5
Foreword 4
Executive Summary 8
1. Productivity growth in a challenging global environment 10
Introduction 10
OECD labour productivity grew against backdrop of elevated uncertainty 11
Productivity growth differed across countries in 2024 14
References 23
2. Labour productivity in OECD economies: Recent trends and shifting drivers of growth 27
Introduction 27
Labour productivity levels in 2024 28
Long-run labour productivity trends 31
Labour productivity and GDP growth 33
References 35
3. Investment 37
Introduction 37
Investment rates across OECD countries 39
Industry contributions to changes in the aggregate investment rate 41
Investment rate changes by asset type 43
References 48
4. Productivity patterns across industries 50
Introduction 50
Industry-level labour productivity developments 51
Industry contributions to aggregate labour productivity growth 56
Multifactor productivity across industries 65
References 74
Note 77
5. Labour productivity patterns across firm sizes 78
Introduction 78
Economy-wide patterns in labour productivity by firm size 79
Diverging patterns of productivity gaps across economic activities 81
Productivity differences across subnational regions 86
References 88
6. Environmentally Adjusted Multifactor Productivity 90
Introduction 90
OECD estimates of EAMFP for the total economy 92
Interpretation, caveats and ways forward 96
Implications of the 2025 SNA for EAMFP indicators 97
References 98
Note 99
Figure 1.1. Labour productivity developments since 1995 14
Figure 1.2. Labour productivity growth in 2024 15
Figure 1.3. Contributions to labour productivity growth: European Union versus United States 16
Figure 1.4. Preliminary data: Labour productivity developments in 2025 17
Figure 1.5. Labour productivity growth in selected industries, 2025 19
Figure 2.1. Labour productivity levels across OECD countries in 2024 or latest available year 28
Figure 2.2. Labour productivity growth across OECD countries in 2024 29
Figure 2.3. Labour productivity levels across OECD countries, 1995-2024 31
Figure 2.4. Information and communication as well as business services activities value added 33
Figure 2.5. Contributions to GDP growth 34
Figure 3.1. Investment rates across OECD countries 40
Figure 3.2. OECD weighted average investment rate 41
Figure 3.3. Industry contributions to changes in the investment rate 42
Figure 3.4. Changes in investment rates by asset type 44
Figure 3.5. ICT investment rates, 2010-24 45
Figure 3.6. ICT investment rates by asset type 46
Figure 3.7. R&D investment rates across OECD countries 47
Figure 4.1. Cross-country dispersion of labour productivity growth by industry, 2024 52
Figure 4.2. Pharmaceutical labour productivity growth (ISIC C21), 2023 and 2024 53
Figure 4.3. Change in industry shares, OECD average, 2019 to 2024 54
Figure 4.4. Decomposition of aggregate labour productivity growth, 2023-24 57
Figure 4.5. Industry contributions to the within-industry effect, 2023-24 58
Figure 4.6. Within-industry effect of manufacturing, 2023-24 59
Figure 4.7. Within-industry effect of information and communication, 2023-24 60
Figure 4.8. Industry contribution to the between-industry effect, 2023-24 62
Figure 4.9. Between-industry effect in manufacturing, 2023-24 63
Figure 4.10. Between-industry effect in information and communication, 2023-24 64
Figure 4.11. Contributions to labour productivity growth 65
Figure 4.12. MFP growth in the total economy, 2023-24 67
Figure 4.13. MFP growth in selected industries relative to the total economy, 2023-24 68
Figure 4.14. Contribution of MFP in labour productivity growth in selected industries, 2023-24 70
Figure 4.15. Dispersion of MFP growth in selected industries since 2000 71
Figure 4.16. Development of MFP over time in selected industries 73
Figure 5.1. Labour productivity of SMEs relative to large firms in the business sector 80
Figure 5.2. Labour productivity of SMEs over large firms across economic activities, 2024 82
Figure 5.3. Labour productivity of SMEs relative to large firms, 2024 83
Figure 5.4. Labour productivity across and withing size groups 85
Figure 5.5. Firms in less and more developed regions in Italy and Spain see similar productivity gaps across size classes 87
Figure 6.1. EAMFP as a share of output growth in OECD countries in Key Partner economies 92
Figure 6.2. Augmented growth accounting for pollution-adjusted output 93
Figure 6.3. Share of output growth attributable to EAMFP growth 94
Figure 6.4. Pollution adjusted GDP and GDP growth 95
Figure 6.5. Contribution of renewable and non-renewable resources extraction to growth 96
Boxes 7
Box 1.1. Recent evidence on the link between AI and productivity and measurement challenges 12
Box 2.1. Measurement challenges related to the activities of multinational enterprises 30
Box 2.2. Structural Analysis Database (STAN) 32
Box 3.1. Measurement of investment and asset classification in the System of National Accounts 38
Box 4.1. Measuring labour productivity in services: Why sectoral context matters 55
Box 4.2. Interpreting Multifactor Productivity: What it measures and what it misses 66
Box 5.1. Challenges in measuring productivity by firm size 80
Box 5.2. Productivity heterogeneity within size classes drives most of the variance of productivity within industries 84
Box 6.1. Measuring EAMFP: Methodology, assumptions and measurement challenges 93
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