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Title page 1

Contents 7

Foreword 4

Acknowledgements 5

Executive summary 9

1. Why a toolkit to adopt ideas from other cities? 11

Why adopt an idea from elsewhere? 12

What does it mean to adopt an idea from elsewhere? Key concepts and terms 15

Why a toolkit for adopting ideas from other cities? Rationale and methodology 17

Toolkit user's guide 18

References 19

Notes 20

2. Step 1: Creating the conditions that allow cities to learn from others 21

Why it matters 22

Practical actions 23

References 32

3. Step 2: Assessing which ideas to pursue 34

Why it matters 35

Practical actions 36

References 43

4. Step 3: Adapting and implementing borrowed ideas 44

Why it matters 45

Practical actions 46

References 58

5. Key takeaways 60

Figures 7

Figure 1.1. In which sector has your city adopted, or tried to adopt, an idea from another city? 13

Figure 1.2. Response to the question "To the best of your knowledge, what stage did the ideas adopted from other cities typically reach?" 14

Figure 1.3. What are the main reasons to consider ideas from other cities? 15

Figure 2.1. Which factors were the most helpful to adopt an idea from elsewhere? 23

Figure 2.2. "Does your city encourage experimentation?" (left) and "How does your city encourage experimentation?" (right) 24

Figure 4.1. Who is responsible for implementing adopted ideas? 45

Figure 4.2. Financial or resource constraints are the main barriers preventing the adoption of borrowed ideas 49

Boxes 8

Box 2.1. Different ways to empower staff in Anchorage (the United States) and the Hague (the Netherlands) 25

Box 2.2. Finding ideas that align with local priorities and strategies: Thessaloniki (Greece), Okayama (Japan) and Melbourne (Australia) 27

Box 2.3. Working with networks to adopt inspiring ideas or develop new ideas together: the examples of Renca (Chile), the State of Jalisco (Mexico),... 29

Box 2.4. Institutional structures to co-ordinate and sustain learning from elsewhere: Renca (Chile) 31

Box 3.1. The role of success stories at different steps of the idea adoption process 37

Box 3.2. Geography, topography and climate matter for local adaptations 39

Box 3.3. Consulting the community to guide idea adoption: the case of Renca (Chile) 41

Box 4.1. Importance of political support at the implementation and enforcement stage: the case of Kampala (Uganda) 48

Box 4.2. Creative approaches to secure funding for the adoption of ideas: Renca (Chile) 50

Box 4.3. Target group consultation in Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) 52

Box 4.4. Adapting the idea to the local governance in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and advocating for a new legal framework in Thessaloniki (Greece) 53

Box 4.5. An Urban Living Lab as a resource to organise pilots in The Hague (the Netherlands) 55

Box 4.6. Empowering other cities to adopt successful ideas: the examples of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Rome (Italy), and Vienna (Austria) 57