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Title page 1

Contents 6

Foreword 4

Acknowledgements 5

Executive Summary 8

1. Introduction 11

Objectives and approach: from territorial diagnosis to policy action 11

References 12

2. Leveraging the regional attractiveness framework to design local and regional development strategies 13

Introduction 14

Use case #1: Identifying regional policy needs and trade-offs across Latvian municipalities 16

Use case #2: Identifying untapped potential and uneven performance across attractiveness dimensions 19

Use case #3: Detecting opportunities for territorial co-operation 21

Use case #4: Mapping families of regions facing similar attractiveness challenges and devising shared solutions 23

Use case #5: Monitoring regions' progress in attractiveness outcomes over time 25

Strengthen the use of attractiveness indicators through ready-to-use, evidence-based policy tools 28

References 30

Notes 32

3. Governance for local and regional development in Latvia 33

Introduction 34

The Administrative-Territorial Reform in review: strengthening the foundations for place-based regional development 34

Supporting stronger co-ordination and co-operation for regional development in Latvia 36

Further strengthening the subnational level of government in Latvia 44

Conclusion 50

References 50

Notes 54

Annex 3.A. Indicators used to develop the attractiveness framework for Latvia 55

Tables 7

Table 2.1. Assessment of indicators under the Vidzeme Planning Region Development Programme 2022-2027 28

Table 3.1. Assignment of responsibilities among levels of government in Latvia following the administrative-territorial reform 35

Figures 7

Figure 2.1. Use of attractiveness indicators across the regional development policy cycle 14

Figure 2.2. Attractiveness Compass of Riga Planning Region 15

Figure 2.3. Number of Latvian municipalities by deviation from the EU median 17

Figure 2.4. Saldus Attractiveness Compass 19

Figure 2.5. Jurmala Attractiveness Compass 20

Figure 2.6. Complementarities between Jelgava and Bauska municipalities 22

Figure 2.7. Performance of Eastern Border Municipalities vs non-Eastern Border Municipalities 24

Figure 2.8. Population with tertiary education 26

Figure 2.9. Travel times to nearest schools 27

Figure 3.1. Latvia's strategy framework for guiding regional development 37

Boxes 7

Box 2.1. Developing the attractiveness framework for Latvian regions and municipalities 15

Box 2.2. Identifying territorial strengths, constraints and policy trade-offs: The case of Saldus Municipality 18

Box 2.3. Leveraging territorial complementarities through inter-municipal co-operation: The case of Jelgava and Bauska municipalities 22

Box 2.4. Identifying shared development challenges across municipalities along the Latvian eastern border 24

Box 2.5. Monitoring regions' progress over time: Example from educational indicators 26

Box 2.6. Ireland's Regional Development Monitor: Linking territorial data to the monitoring of regional plans 30

Box 3.1. Latvia's strategy framework for regional development 36

Box 3.2. Mexico's approach to integrating cross-cutting priorities into national-level planning documents 39

Box 3.3. Territorial data portals: Norway's KOSTRA model 44

Box 3.4. Distinguishing among different types of indicators 48

Box 3.5. ONS Local: a partnership model for identifying and filling subnational-level data gaps 49

Annex Tables 7

Annex Table 3.A.1. Indicator descriptions and data sources 55