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Title page 1

Contents 7

Preface 4

Foreword 5

Acknowledgements 6

Abbreviations and acronyms 9

Executive summary 10

1. Trends in private finance mobilisation 12

Overview 12

Main beneficiaries 15

Sectoral distribution 21

Focus on climate action 27

References 34

Notes 37

2. The private finance mobilisation ecosystem: actors and leveraging mechanisms 38

Leading providers 38

Leveraging mechanisms currently captured in DAC statistics 43

Innovative approaches to private finance mobilisation 49

References 60

3. Challenges and opportunities to scale up mobilisation efforts 64

Development finance providers should undertake to scale up private finance for sustainable development 64

References 69

Figures 7

Figure 1.1. Trends in private finance mobilised by official development interventions, 2012-2024 12

Figure 1.2. Mobilised private finance by leveraging mechanism, 2021-2024 14

Figure 1.3. Regional distribution of private finance mobilised, categorised by leveraging mechanism, 2021-2024 16

Figure 1.4. Top 20 recipients of mobilised private finance, 2021-2024 17

Figure 1.5. Private finance mobilised by multilateral and bilateral providers by income group, 2021-2024 18

Figure 1.6. Main leveraging mechanisms in fragile contexts and SIDS, 2021-2024 20

Figure 1.7. Mobilised private finance by category of providers in fragile contexts and SIDS, 2021-2024 20

Figure 1.8. Private finance mobilised by sector, 2021-2024 23

Figure 1.9. Mobilised private finance towards different areas of climate action, 2021-2024 27

Figure 1.10. Geographical distribution of mobilised private climate finance by climate action area, 2021-2024 28

Figure 1.11. Mobilised private finance for climate action, by focus and recipient country income group, 2021-2024 30

Figure 1.12. Mitigation-related mobilised private finance for the steel, cement and chemical sectors 32

Figure 1.13. Mitigation-related mobilised private finance for the steel, cement and chemical sectors, by recipient countries 33

Figure 2.1. Private finance mobilised by DFIs, 2021-2024 38

Figure 2.2. Mobilised private finance by multilateral development finance providers, 2021-2024 39

Figure 2.3. Mobilised private finance by bilateral development finance providers, 2021-2024 40

Figure 2.4. Mobilised private finance by development finance institutions, 2021-2024 41

Figure 2.5. Typical structured fund capital stack 46

Figure 2.6. Broadening the scope of mobilisation interventions in OECD statistics 50

Figure 2.7. Joint MDB-OECD typology of catalytic interventions 58

Boxes 8

Box 1.1. Leveraging mechanisms used to mobilise private finance for sustainable development 14

Box 1.2. Brazil-led Tropical Forest Forever Facility: Creating Investable Pathways for Nature 18

Box 1.3. Mobilising private finance in conflict-affected contexts: The case of Ukraine 21

Box 1.4. Private finance mobilised for mini-grid energy projects: the German development agency's mini-grid project in Uganda 25

Box 1.5. Mobilising private finance towards water and sanitation: the expansion of the As-Samra Wastewater Treatment Plant in Jordan 26

Box 1.6. Climate Investor Two 29

Box 2.1. Strengthening financial inclusion in Rwanda: the Sida and Impact Fund Denmark Joint Guarantee Initiative 45

Box 2.2. The Private Infrastructure Development Group's Emerging Africa and Asia Infrastructure Fund 47

Box 2.3. Private sector instruments for development 48

Box 2.4. British International Investment's approach to portfolio mobilisation: the case of Blue Earth Capital 52

Box 2.5. The Currency Exchange Fund 53

Box 2.6. Sida's approach to generation: the Sida-IDB Amazon Guarantee 56

Box 2.7. Emerging typology of catalytic interventions 57

Box 2.8. Macro-level advisory engagement: the IFC-SECO Crop Receipts Project 58

Box 2.9. Unlocking mobilisation and catalytic effects: IDB's Social Housing Financing Programme in Ecuador 59