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Title page 1

Contents 5

Foreword 4

Executive summary 8

1. Introduction 10

1.1. An evidence-based process to develop the proposed strategy 11

1.2. A proposed strategy informed by national, European and global approaches 12

1.3. The need for a strategic approach to digital financial literacy 12

1.3.1. Effectively addressing current and emerging challenges 12

1.3.2. ...building on the existing and mature Finnish financial education ecosystem... 13

1.3.3. ...while fostering greater synergies among the wide range of stakeholders 13

References 14

2. Rationale for the proposed Digital Financial Literacy Strategy 17

2.1. Finland and digital finance: The state of play 18

2.1.1. A highly connected population with strong digital skills and literacy 18

2.1.2. Most adults in Finland are aware of and make extensive use of digital financial services 19

2.1.3. An informed population with generational differences in information sources 19

2.1.4. High confidence in performing basic tasks 19

2.1.5. Some borrowing and investing practices may require more attention 20

2.1.6. A significant proportion holds risky assets such as crypto-assets 20

2.1.7. Different perceptions on the benefits of digital tools 21

2.1.8. Some obstacles remain to ensure an increased uptake of digital financial products and services 21

2.2. The state of digital financial literacy: How prepared are adults in Finland for a digital financial world? 21

2.2.1. Digital financial literacy levels of adults in Finland 21

2.2.2. A solid digital financial knowledge base but with some important gaps 22

2.2.3. Some online behaviours and attitudes expose adults in Finland to avoidable risks 22

2.3. How exposed to risks are adults in Finland in their use of digital financial products and services? 23

2.3.1. One out of three adults has been exposed to online financial scams and frauds 23

2.3.2. Some population sub-groups are particularly at risk 24

References 26

3. Proposal for a Digital Financial Literacy Strategy 27

3.1. Vision 28

3.2. Main objectives 28

3.2.1. Objective 1: Strengthen digital financial literacy so that adults can adequately choose and manage digital financial products and services 29

3.2.2. Objective 2: Mitigate the impact and exposure to online financial scams and frauds in order to improve resilience and confidence... 31

3.2.3. Objective 3: Support long-term financial well-being through long-term investment and avoidance of over-indebtedness 31

3.2.4. Objective 4: Strengthen stakeholder collaboration and impact assessment of digital financial literacy programmes and initiatives 32

3.3. Target groups 33

3.4. Timeline for implementation and alignment with the national strategy for financial literacy 34

3.5. Governance mechanisms 34

3.6. Monitoring and evaluation of the proposed strategy 34

References 36

4. Action Plan to implement the proposed strategy 38

4.1. Suggested actions to implement the proposed strategy's objectives 39

References 52

Notes 52

Annex A. Diagnostic report 53

References 106

Annex B. Socio-demographic variables used for the survey 109

Annex C. Representativeness of the sample 110

Notes 111

Annex D. Questionnaire 112

Annex E. Methodology used for creating the scores 123

Tables 6

Table 3.1. Suggested key performance indicators (KPIs) depending on the format of the programmes/actions 35

Table 4.1. Suggested actions to implement the proposed strategy's objectives 41

Infographics 6

Infographic 3.1. The vision and objectives of the proposed strategy at a glance 29

Annex Tables 6

Table A A.1. Weekly financial and non-financial online activities 58

Table A A.2. Online behaviours related to protecting personal data 59

Table A A.3. Management of passwords 60

Table A B.1. Socio-demographic variables used for this survey 109

Annex Figures 6

Figure A A.1. Digital literacy scores by socio-demographic group 61

Figure A A.2. Minimum target score on digital literacy 62

Figure A A.3. Awareness and holding of digital financial products and services 64

Figure A A.4. Financial products and services usually managed online 65

Figure A A.5. Digital financial activities 67

Figure A A.6. Use of automated or AI-generated financial advice by age 68

Figure A A.7. Support to use and manage digital financial products and services 69

Figure A A.8. Sources of information used to choose digital financial products and services 70

Figure A A.9. Reasons to acquire crypto-assets 72

Figure A A.10. Knowledge of crypto-assets 73

Figure A A.11. Digital financial knowledge 76

Figure A A.12. Shopping around when choosing digital financial products and services 77

Figure A A.13. Online financial safety habits 78

Figure A A.14. Digital financial literacy attitudes 81

Figure A A.15. Confidence in using digital financial services 82

Figure A A.16. Digital financial literacy in Finland and internationally 83

Figure A A.17. Digital financial literacy scores 85

Figure A A.18. Digital financial literacy, risk preferences and trust 86

Figure A A.19. Minimum target score on digital financial literacy 87

Figure A A.20. Exposure to scams and frauds 95

Figure A A.21. Profiles of those exposed to online financial scams and frauds 96

Figure A A.22. Attitudes of those exposed to online financial scams and frauds 97

Figure A A.23. Reporting of scams and frauds 100

Figure A A.24. Reasons for not reporting scams and frauds 101

Figure A A.25. How adults react to a request for credit card details from their bank 102

Figure A A.26. Prevalence of online financial scams and frauds in Finland, Latvia and Lithuania 103

Figure A A.27. Exposure to financial scams and frauds and digital financial literacy 105

Annex Boxes 7

Box A A.1. Finland is among the top performing EU member states in digital skills 63

Box A A.2. A focus on digital tools used for financial advice 68

Box A A.3. A spotlight on the digital financial literacy of migrants 88

Box A A.4. A spotlight on the digital financial literacy of older adults 89

Box A A.5. Perspectives on scams and frauds from national stakeholders 98

Box A A.6. Comparison with Latvia and Lithuania 103

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