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Title page 1

Contents 4

ABOUT THE AUTHORS 5

ABSTRACTS PART I 8

INTRODUCTION. ETHICAL URBAN AI IN PRACTICE 10

PART I. OPERATIONALISATION OF ETHICAL PRINCIPLES IN URBAN SETTINGS 14

ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY IN URBAN AI 15

1. Introduction 15

2. Accountability and transparency principles 16

3. Implementing responsible AI for urban public administrations 18

4. Policy mechanisms 20

5. Lessons learned 21

References 23

PRIVACY AND DATA GOVERNANCE IN URBAN AI 24

1. Introduction 24

2. AI ethics and privacy 25

3. Policy mechanisms for implementing the principle of privacy in the urban environment 27

4. Challenges and recommendations 29

5. Conclusions 30

References 31

FAIRNESS AND NON-DISCRIMINATION IN URBAN AI 36

1. Introduction 36

2. A fair AI system is bias-free and used responsibly 36

3. The AI dilemma: balancing between opportunities and impacts of AI systems in cities 37

4. Policy recommendations 39

5. Limitations 41

References 42

SUSTAINABILITY IN URBAN AI 45

1. Introduction 45

2. The pursuit of sustainability 45

3. Technology meets sustainability 46

4. Sustainable AI in urban settings 48

5. Policy recommendations and concluding remarks 51

References 53

PART II. CASE STUDIES OF URBAN AI GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORKS 55

Case study 1: Barcelona 57

Case study 2: Amsterdam 59

Case study 3: New York 62

Case study 4: San José 64

Case study 5: Dubai 66

Case study 6: Singapore 67

CONCLUSIONS. POLICY MECHANISMS, CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN URBAN AI 69

1. Categorisation of policy mechanisms 70

2. Alignment of policy mechanisms with ethical principles 73

3. Challenges and recommendations 77

References 80

ANNEX 1. List of policy mechanisms mentioned in the ethical principles chapters (Part I) 81

Tables 71

Table 1. Categories of policy mechanisms for a responsible AI governance in cities 71

Table 2. Policy mechanisms alignment with ethical principles 75

Table 3. Case studies comparison (most used policy mechanisms) 76