본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기
22대 대한민국 국회 국회정보길라잡이 국회의원검색
회원가입 로그인
HOME

정보검색

소장정보 검색

국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색
결과 내 검색 동의어 포함
결과 내 검색 동의어 포함

-

목차보기

Title page

Contents

Glossary 4

Summary 5

1. Aim of this report 6

2. Quantities of methyl bromide used for QPS purposes in Australia 6

2.1. Methodology 6

2.2. AIMS database 7

2.3. Export records 7

2.4. Methyl bromide sales and use records 8

2.5. Confidentiality 8

3. Overview of the Survey 8

3.1. Survey use results 8

3.2. Industry structure 9

4. Methyl Bromide Use 10

4.1. Major use categories 10

4.2. Post entry Quarantine methyl bromide use 13

4.3. Relative quantities used for Pre-shipment, import Quarantine and export Quarantine 14

4.3.1. Imports 15

4.3.2. Exports (Quarantine and pre-shipment) 15

4.3.3. Domestic interstate and intrastate movements 16

4.4. Trends in methyl bromide use for Pre-shipment and Quarantine use 17

4.4.1. Methyl bromide use as apercentage of trade 17

4.4.2. Australian Fumigation Accreditation Scheme 18

4.5. Changes in methyl bromide use since 2000 19

5. Opportunities for reduction in methyl bromide use 23

5.1. Background 23

5.2. Alternatives to methyl bromide 23

5.2.1. Summary 23

5.2.2. Sulfuryl fluoride 24

5.2.3. Phosphine 25

5.2.4. Ethanedinitrile (EDN) 26

5.2.5. Low Oxygen 27

5.2.6. Heat treatment 27

5.2.7. Cold Treatment 28

5.2.8. Irradiation 28

5.2.9. Other treatments 29

5.3. Barriers to adoption of alternatives 29

6. Recapture technologies for methyl bromide 30

6.1. Background 30

6.2. Available recapture technologies 30

6.2.1. Recovery and reuse 30

6.2.2. Recovery and disposal 31

6.2.3. Recovery and destruction 31

6.3. Barriers to adoption of recapture technology 32

6.4. Potential quantities of methyl bromide available for recapture 33

7. Suggestions for survey improvements 34

8. Acknowledgements 35

9. References 35

Appendix A. Survey form Summary of methyl bromide use by commodity or situation treated 39

Tables

Table 1. Total methyl bromide estimated from current survey and total Australian Methyl bromide use reported to the Ozone Secretariat (DoEE data, 2016) 9

Table 2a. Estimated QPS methyl bromide use for various commodities (specified uses, 〉 50 kg per year for a fumigation provider) for 2013-2016 as determined by survey and sales data 11

Table 2b. Estimated QPS methyl bromide use for various commodities (other uses, 〉 50 kg per year for a fumigation provider) for 2013-2016 as determined by survey and sales data 12

Table 3. Minimum methyl bromide use on imports for Quarantine purposes estimated from AIMS database with application at specified dosage rates - no allowance for additional methyl bromide to compensate for low fumigation temperatures 14

Table 4. Classification of methyl bromide treatments on exports as Quarantine or Pre-shipment, as used in this study 16

Table 5. Class of use of Australian QPS methyl bromide use (tonnes) for 2013-2016, estimated from survey results and data from the AIMS database 17

Table 6a. Comparison of methyl bromide used for QPS treatment of commodities and situations for 2016 (specified uses) and representative years from previous surveys, covering the years 2000 to 2016 21

Table 6b. Comparison of methyl bromide used for QPS treatment of commodities and situations for 2016 (other uses) and representative years from previous surveys, covering the years 2000 to 2016 22

Table 7. Major methyl bromide QPS usages by volume, 〉6 tonnes per year in 2016, with alternatives 24

Table 8. Commercial suppliers of methyl bromide recapture systems 32

Table 9. Estimate of methyl bromide loss to atmosphere and potential for recapture from QPS use 2013-2016 34

Figures

Figure 1. Percentage changes of methyl bromide - 'specified use' for each year in relation to total TEU volumes imported in the same year 18

Figure 2. Fumigated container import movements as a percentage of total container imports for each participating AFAS country 2005-2017 19

추천서가 (다양한 추천 자료를 만나보세요)

권호기사보기

권호기사 목록 테이블로 기사명, 저자명, 페이지, 원문, 기사목차 순으로 되어있습니다.
기사명 저자명 페이지 원문 기사목차