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Title page

Contents

Acknowledgements 3

Acronyms 7

Executive summary 9

1. Introduction 14

1.1. Background, purpose and objectives 14

1.2. Approach, scope, methods and constraints 15

2. The IPC in Somalia 17

2.1. A brief history of the IPC, from Somalia to global gold standard 17

2.2. The evolution of the IPC in Somalia 17

2.3. The role of the IPC in providing an analysis of food insecurity in 2022-2023 19

3. The IPC data analysis process in Somalia 22

3.1. Brief description of the IPC analysis process 22

3.2. How inclusive is the analysis process, in terms of who participates and the nature of their participation? 22

3.3. How effective is the chairing and facilitation of the IPC analysis process, to promote inclusion, participation and manage consensus-building? 24

3.4. How transparent and clearly understood is the analysis process for those participating? 24

3.5. What is working well in terms of how consensus is reached, what happens in the absence of consensus, and what are the challenges and how might they be overcome? 26

3.6. How effective is quality assurance of the IPC data analysis process? 26

3.7. Reflections on adaptations made to the 2023 post-gu IPC analysis process, in response to the findings and recommendations of Part A of the review 27

4. Communication of IPC results for Somalia 30

4.1. How have the IPC results for Somalia been communicated to decision-makers, and to what extent has this reflected and drawn upon the multi-stakeholder... 30

4.2. To what extent do current methods and processes of communication of IPC results in Somalia meet the needs of humanitarian decision-makers, and is there... 32

4.3. Reflections on adaptations made to the 2023 post-gu IPC analysis process, in response to the findings and recommendations of Part A of the review 34

5. Governance, leadership and management of the IPC in Somalia 35

5.1. Characteristics of good governance, leadership and management of the IPC at country level 35

5.2. How is the IPC process currently governed in Somalia, what is working well, and what are the challenges and shortcomings? 38

5.3. To what extent do current governance arrangements reflect the multi-stakeholder nature and ownership of the IPC, including the role of government, as well as... 39

5.4. How effective is current leadership of the IPC in ensuring the effective management of an inclusive and transparent process of IPC analysis, including government participation? 41

5.5. How could the governance, leadership and management arrangements be adapted to strengthen the effectiveness of the IPC process in Somalia, learning from... 41

6. Conclusions 43

7. The way forward: recommendations 45

7.1. Recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the IPC data analysis process of achieving consensus 46

7.2. Recommendations to improve the communication of IPC results for Somalia 48

7.3. Recommendations to improve the governance, leadership and management of the IPC in Somalia 50

7.4. Proposed approach for implementing recommendations 55

Bibliography 56

Appendix 1. Terms of Reference: Independent review of the IPC in Somalia 58

Appendix 2. Reference Group - Terms of Reference and membership 64

Appendix 3. List of key informants interviewed 67

Appendix 4. Timeline of the IPC in Somalia 69

Appendix 5. Progress report from the 'Small Core Group' 72

Tables

Table 1. Summary of recommendations, timelines and recommended leads for the IPC, Somalia 12

Table 2. Recommendations for the 2023 post-gu IPC analysis and examples of actions taken 28

Table 3. Presented to the Steering Group of the Independent Review of the IPC in South Sudan on 12 September 2023 73

Table 4. Communication schedule for post-gu IPC analysis 82

Figures

Figure 1. Timeline of IPC assessment of food insecurity in Somalia 2022/2023 20

Figure 2. Total incoming humanitarian funding inside and outside appeal plans 21

Figure 3. Outline structure for IPC governance in Somalia 54

Boxes

Box 1. Recent political developments in Somalia 18

Box 2. Language used in IPC reports to describe food insecurity in Somalia in 2022-2023 32

Box 3. Key qualities of effective IPC structures 36

Box 4. IPC structures in South Sudan and Afghanistan 37

Box 5. Characteristics of the independent review of the IPC in South Sudan - key learning points 59