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Title page

Contents

Highlights 2

Letter 7

Background 12

Interagency Council and White House Environmental Justice Advisory Council (WHEJAC) 12

EOP Guidance and Tools for Implementing the Justice40 Initiative 14

Leading Practices for Collaboration and Key Practices for Evidence-Building and Performance-Management Activities 24

EOP Worked Collaboratively to Develop Guidance and Tools and Has Opportunities to Enhance Collaboration in Future Efforts 26

EOP Collaborated with Federal and Nonfederal Entities When Developing Guidance and Tools 27

EOP Has Opportunities to Enhance Collaboration as It Updates and Develops New Guidance and Tools 29

Over Half of the Justice40 Pilot Programs Found EOP's Guidance and Tools Useful, and EOP Has Opportunities to Better Identify and Address Challenges 38

Over Half of the Justice40 Pilot Programs Found EOP's Guidance and Tools Useful 38

EOP Has Taken Steps to Address Some Early Challenges Experienced by the Pilot and Other Covered Programs 40

EOP Has Opportunities to Improve Its Efforts to Identify and Address Ongoing Covered Program Challenges 43

EOP Has Opportunities to Use Key Practices as It Establishes a Process for Assessing Progress on the Justice40 Initiative 47

EOP Took Initial Steps to Collect and Report Some Information on the Justice40 Initiative 47

EOP Has Opportunities to Use Key Practices as It Establishes a Process for Assessing Progress on the Justice40 Initiative 50

Conclusions 52

Recommendations for Executive Action 54

Agency Comments and Our Evaluation 56

Appendix I: Summary Results and Analysis of GAO Survey of Justice40 Pilot Programs 59

Appendix II: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 74

Appendix III: White House Environmental Justice Advisory Council Recommendations 80

Appendix IV: Executive Office of the President Collaboration with Federal and Nonfederal Entities 82

Appendix V: Comments from the Council on Environmental Quality 85

Appendix VI: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 90

Tables

Table 1. Number of Justice40 Initiative Covered Programs, by Agency, as of November 2023 16

Table 2. Justice40 Initiative Pilot Programs 19

Table 3. Responses Regarding Executive Office of the President (EOP) Solicitation of Pilot Program Feedback on EOP Guidance and Tools 45

Table 4. Responses Regarding Pilot Program Development of Plans and Methodologies for Justice40 and Use of Executive Office of the President's (EOP)... 60

Table 5. Responses Regarding the Usefulness of Executive Office of the President's (EOP) Guidance and Tools for Pilot Programs in Developing Plans and... 60

Table 6. Responses Regarding Aspects in the Executive Office of the President's (EOP) Guidance and Tools That Pilot Programs Found Useful in Developing... 61

Table 7. Responses Regarding Aspects That Would Make the Executive Office of the President's (EOP) Guidance and Tools More Useful for Pilot Programs in... 61

Table 8. Responses Regarding Pilot Programs Receiving Additional Information or Guidance from the Executive Office of the President (EOP) on Plans for... 62

Table 9. Responses Regarding the Usefulness of the Executive Office of the President's (EOP) Additional Information or Guidance on Plans for Monitoring,... 63

Table 10. Responses Regarding Aspects in the Executive Office of the President's (EOP) Additional Information or Guidance on Plans for Monitoring, Submission,... 63

Table 11. Responses Regarding Aspects That Would Make the Executive Office of the President's (EOP) Additional Information or Guidance on Monitoring,... 64

Table 12. Responses Regarding the Executive Office of the President's (EOP) Methods for Providing Advice to Pilot Programs on Developing Plans and... 65

Table 13. Responses Regarding Pilot Programs Receiving Advice from the Executive Office of the President (EOP) during Stages of Justice40 Development... 65

Table 14. Responses Regarding Pilot Programs Receiving Advice from the Executive Office of the President (EOP) and Information on Expectations or Standards... 66

Table 15. Responses Regarding the Usefulness of the Executive Office of the President's (EOP) Advice, Expectations or Standards on Pilot Programs' Plans and... 66

Table 16. Responses Regarding Aspects in the Executive Office of the President's (EOP) Advice That Pilot Programs Found Useful for Implementing Justice40 66

Table 17. Responses Regarding Aspects That Would Make the Executive Office of the President's (EOP) Advice, Expectations or Standards Useful for Pilot... 67

Table 18. Responses Regarding Challenges with the Executive Office of the President's (EOP) Guidance and Tools That Pilot Programs Continue to Face 67

Table 19. Responses Regarding Additional Support from the Executive Office of the President (EOP) That Would Be Useful for Pilot Programs 68

Table 20. Responses Regarding Pilot Programs' Additional Thoughts on the Executive Office of the President's (EOP) Efforts to Implement Justice40 69

Figures

Figure 1. Timeline of the Executive Office of the President's Development of Justice40 Guidance and Tools 15

Figure 2. Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool Version 1.0 Map of Disadvantaged Communities in Southern Ohio and Northern Kentucky 22

Figure 3. Practices to Help Effectively Implement Federal Evidence-Building and Performance-Management Activities 26

Figure 4. Pilot and Covered Program Timeline for Developing Plans and Methodologies 41