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Title page
Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2
FOREWORD 6
ACRONYMS 7
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9
KEY POLICY TAKEAWAYS 11
1. INTRODUCTION 12
2. MEASURING THE ICT SECTOR EMISSIONS AND ENERGY DEMAND 14
2.1. EMISSIONS REPORTING AND TRACKING 15
2.2. TELECOMMUNICATIONS GHG EMISSIONS AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION 17
2.2.1. CARBON AND ENERGY INTENSITY 19
2.2.2. NETWORK EFFICIENCIES 21
2.3. OTHER SOURCES OF EMISSIONS FROM ICT SUBSECTORS 23
2.3.1. DATA CENTERS 23
2.3.2. EMBEDDED AND PRODUCT USE EMISSIONS 27
2.4. ICT SECTOR GLOBAL GHG EMISSIONS AND ELECTRICITY EVOLUTION 31
3. COUNTRY CASE STUDIES 33
FRANCE 33
SINGAPORE 35
UNITED KINGDOM 37
RWANDA 39
BRAZIL 40
4. KEY TAKEAWAYS: ADDRESSING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT AND ENERGY NEEDS OF THE ICT SECTOR 43
5. ANNEX. METHODOLOGY FOR GHG EMISSIONS AND ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ESTIMATES 46
5.1. TELECOMMUNICATIONS 46
5.2. COLOCATION DATA CENTERS 49
5.3. CLOUD AND CONTENT DATA CENTERS 50
5.4. ICT EQUIPMENT EMISSIONS 51
5.4.1. PERSONAL COMPUTERS (PCS) 51
Table 2.1. Global estimates of ICT sector emissions, 2022 32
Table 3.1. Telecommunications GHG emissions and electricity consumption, Singapore 36
Table 3.2. ICT sector emissions and electricity consumption, UK 38
Table 3.3. Disclosure of climate and energy data by main telecom operators, Rwanda 39
Table 3.4. Information and Communications emissions, 2021, Brazil 41
Table 5.1. Emissions and electricity use reported by telecommunications operators 48
Table 5.2. Colocation data centers GHG emissions and electricity use, world estimate 49
Table 5.3. GHG emissions and electricity use, cloud services and content 50
Table 5.4. PC embedded and product use emissions 52
Table 5.5. Smartphone production (embedded) emissions and electricity consumption 52
Table 5.6. Smartphone product use emissions and electricity consumption 53
Figure ES.1. Sources of ICT sector emissions 10
Figure 2.1. Sources of ICT sector emissions 14
Figure 2.2. Emissions associated with firms' activities within Scope 1, 2 and 3 16
Figure 2.3. Estimated telecommunication GHG emissions 18
Figure 2.4. Estimated telecommunications electricity consumption and grid emissions factors 19
Figure 2.5. GHG emissions / $million revenue and relationship between carbon intensity and GEF 20
Figure 2.6. Energy intensity among telecommunications operators 21
Figure 2.7. Mobile network equipment energy consumption and "du" energy intensity 2022 22
Figure 2.8. Electricity consumption and GHG emissions of data centers in Ireland 24
Figure 2.9. GHG emissions and electricity consumption of connected, colocation data centers 25
Figure 2.10. Emissions and electricity consumption of cloud and content data centers 26
Figure 2.11. Estimated GHG emissions and electricity consumption from PC manufacturing 28
Figure 2.12. Estimated GHG emissions and electricity consumption from PC product use 28
Figure 2.13. Estimated GHG emissions and electricity consumption from smartphone manufacturing 29
Figure 2.14. Estimated GHG emissions and electricity consumption from smartphone product use 30
Figure 2.15. Estimated GHG emissions and electricity consumption from network equipment manufacturing 31
Figure 3.1. GHG emissions and energy consumption, telecom sector, France 33
Figure 3.2. ICT carbon footprint in France 34
Figure 3.3. Electricity consumption and emissions from electricity, Information and Communications sector, Singapore 36
Figure 3.4. Electricity consumption of data centers and telecom towers (GWh), Rwanda 39
Figure 3.5. Sources of renewable energy, TIM and Vivo, Brazil, 2022 42
Figure 5.1. PLDT GHG emissions and intensity factor by service, 2022 47
Boxes
BOX 2.1. THE GREENHOUSE GAS PROTOCOL 16
BOX 2.2. IRELAND - COORDINATING THE "TWIN TRANSITIONS" OF DIGITALIZATION AND DECARBONIZATION 23
BOX 5.1. BREAKING DOWN EMISSIONS AND ENERGY DATA 47
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