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Title page

Contents

Acronyms and abbreviations 5

Executive summary 6

1. The role of responsible business conduct in enabling sustainable infrastructure 8

1.1. Increasing private sector participation in infrastructure development 8

1.2. Promoting responsible private sector participation while maximising the sustainable outcomes of infrastructure 11

1.3. The role of governments in promoting responsible private sector participation in infrastructure development 16

2. Overview of infrastructure development in Thailand 18

2.1. Context and overview of Thailand's infrastructure development 18

2.2. Challenges and opportunities for Thailand's sustainable infrastructure development 20

3. Opportunities for promoting RBC in infrastructure development in Thailand 22

3.1. Consolidating legal and policy frameworks relevant for RBC and applicable to infrastructure development 22

3.2. Encouraging RBC in infrastructure development through other policy areas 29

3.3. Exemplifying RBC in infrastructure development via economic role and commercial activities 31

3.4. Enhancing stakeholder participation and access to remedy in infrastructure development 36

4. Conclusion and considerations 40

References 42

Notes 53

Table 1. Summary of Thailand's national strategies related to infrastructure development 19

Figure 1. Five pillars of OECD work on infrastructure 10

Figure 2. The risk-based due diligence framework under the OECD Due Diligence Guidance 12

Figure 3. Six focus areas of the OECD Recommendation on the Role of Government in Promoting RBC 17

Boxes

Box 1. Responsible business conduct (RBC) and managing environment, social and governance risks (ESG) 11

Box 2. The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct and related instruments 12

Box 3. International frameworks applicable to responsible infrastructure development 14

Box 4. Thailand's Second National Action Plan for Business and Human Rights 23

Box 5. Thailand's Taxonomy: a reference tool for sustainable finance 30

Box 6. Enhanced preventative measures for corruption-prone procurements 33

Box 7. RBC considerations in the Principles and Guidelines on Corporate Governance for State-Owned Enterprises 35

Box 8. National Contact Points for Responsible Business Conduct (NCPs) 38