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국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색

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Title page

Contents

Abstract 3

1. Introduction 4

2. Institutional context and Japan's Work Style Reform 8

3. Data 9

4. Establishment-Level Responses 11

4.1. Research Design: Establishment-Level Difference-in-Differences 11

4.2. Effects on Working Hours 12

4.3. Effects on Wages 14

4.4. Effects on Employment 15

4.5. Heterogeneous Effects 16

4.6. Robustness 17

5. Additional Evidence: Individual-Level Impacts 18

5.1. Individual-Level Difference-in-Differences 19

5.2. Self-Reported Working Time: Paid and Unpaid Overtime 19

5.3. Effects on Workers' Subjective Well-Being 21

5.4. Robustness Checks and Additional Results 21

6. Conclusions 24

References 25

Online Appendix A. Supplementary Tables and Figures 46

Table 1. DiD estimates: Working Hours 38

Table 2. DiD estimates: Log Wages 39

Table 3. DiD estimates: Employment 40

Table 4. DiD estimates: Workforce Composition 40

Table 5. DiD estimates: Self-Reported (Weekly) Working Hours 42

Table 6. DiD estimates: Subjective Well-Being 44

Table 7. DiD estimates: Perceived Work Intensification and Time Use 45

Figure 1. Evolution of Overtime Hours per Worker 30

Figure 2. Event-Study Analysis: Hours 31

Figure 3. Event-Study Analysis: Wages 32

Figure 4. Event-study Analysis: Employment 33

Figure 5. Heterogeneous Effects: Gender 34

Figure 6. Event-Study Analysis: Self-Reported Overtime and Subjective Well-Being 35

Figure 7. Event-Study Analysis: Self-Reported Overtime and Subjective Well-Being by Gender 36

Figure 8. Event-Study Analysis: Paid vs. Unpaid Overtime Hours by Gender 37

Table A1. Who Supplies Overtime Hours? 46

Table A2. Estimation Samples: Descriptive Statistics 47

Table A3. DiD estimates: Anatomy of Overtime Hours Changes Within Establishments 48

Table A4. Individual-level DiD Estimates: Robustness checks 52

Table A5. DiD estimates: Other Subjective Well-Being Facets 54

Figure A1. Heterogeneous Effects: Worker Voice Institutions 49

Figure A2. Honest Pre-Trends (Rambachan and Roth, 2023) 50

Figure A3. Staggered Treatment (Callaway and Sant'Anna, 2021): Overtime per Worker 50

Figure A4. Consistency Check for Self-Reported Working Hours in OPPS 51

Figure A5. Event-Study Analysis: Additional Results from OPPS) 53