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Title page

Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4

SUMMARY 5

1. POLITICAL CONTEXT 8

2. PROJECTED CONTRIBUTION FROM ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES AND NORTHERN IRELAND 9

3. COORDINATION AS A JOINT CHALLENGE 11

4. SHARED CHALLENGES 14

5. WALES 22

6. SCOTLAND 25

7. NORTHERN IRELAND 28

8. RECOMMENDATIONS 31

REFERENCES 34

Tables

TABLE 3.1. Different stages of a wind project for each UK nation 12

Figures

FIGURE 2.1. NESO's estimates for onshore wind to deliver Clean Power 2030 across the UK are close to the current pipeline of projects 9

FIGURE 3.1. Framework for understanding wind deployment challenges and powers 13

FIGURE 4.1. The withdrawal of subsidies for onshore wind across the UK damaged the industry 16

FIGURE 4.2. There are pockets of south Wales and north Wales with a regional comparative advantage in green manufacturing 19

FIGURE 4.3. There are relatively few areas in Wales with manufacturing capabilities that could quickly adapt to support a domestic wind supply chain apart from Llanelli and Cardiff 20

초록보기

The UK is a world leader in wind deployment and has some of the most ambitious future wind capacity targets in the world, aiming for clean power by 2030. This will require 27GW of onshore wind and 43–50GW of offshore wind by 2030 (NESO 2024). This huge investment in decarbonising the energy system is positioned as the cornerstone of industrial strategies across the UK and devolved governments. In addition, initiatives like the new UK government’s ‘British Jobs Bonus’ demonstrate widespread political commitments to ensure that green growth is synonymous with the creation of high-quality, high-value jobs, in installing, operating and manufacturing renewables in the UK.

Reaching a clean power system by 2030 is achievable but, in the words of the National Energy System Operator (NESO), it is “at the limit of what is feasible” (NESO 2024). A major coordinated effort to accelerate the construction of renewable generators and upgrade the grid is required, with the public and private sectors working together to identify and resolve blockages and barriers ahead of time.

Significant coordination within the public sector will also be critical, with the devolved governments playing a major role, particularly through their planning and consenting responsibilities and their objectives in climate and industrial policy. Over 95 per cent of the pipeline of onshore wind projects needed to reach the 2030 target is located in the devolved jurisdictions, as well as around a third of offshore projects. This is a challenge that crosses borders and needs devolved and reserved powers to all pull in the same direction.

Coordination across the governments of the UK is crucial because a wind project’s journey from conception to completion will interact with a complex range of stakeholders, laws, policy and frameworks that straddle devolved and reserved powers.

In this report, we explore existing interactions between various devolved and reserved powers, which an energy developer will need to navigate to bring a project to completion, before establishing a framework to understand where barriers to delivering a coordinated approach lie, and who has responsibility for them (see figure S1).

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