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Title page 1

Contents 4

About the Author 5

Executive Summary 6

Introduction 7

AI Advances Allow Rapid New Data Collection at Scale 9

Learning from Emerging Experiments 10

Governance in a Real-Time Data World 22

Conclusion 23

Acknowledgements 23

Works Cited 24

Tables 9

Table 1. Sample Digital Data Sets and Public Interest Applications 9

Table 2. Structured and Unstructured Data Types Across Different Domains 10

Figures 12

Figure 1. Online Price Index versus Official Consumer Price Index for Argentina 12

Figure 2. Daily Transits of the Suez Canal and the Cape of Good Hope 21

초록보기

This special report explores how digital data sets and advances in artificial intelligence (AI)

can provide timely, transparent and detailed insights into global challenges.

Several experiments illustrate the potential use of these tools for public interest ends. For example, researchers are using advances in AI to rapidly collect millions of online supermarket prices, creating alternative and more timely inflation measures. A shipping data company applied machine learning to ship sensor data to reveal the speed with which Russia created a shadow oil market after Western countries imposed sanctions. Academic researchers combined private sector online tax, job listing, credit card and payroll data to expose the long-lasting economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on low-income workers. After China abruptly reversed its zero-COVID policy, online searches, satellite images and smartphone locations showed that official metrics vastly underestimated the health toll and overstated the economic rebound. And a growing set of experiments in the poorest countries use abundant satellite images, mobility data and machine learning to form a more detailed and more frequent picture of conditions, including in remote areas.

These experiments illustrate how governments and civil society analysts can reuse digital data to spot emerging problems, analyze specific group impacts, complement traditional metrics or verify data that may be manipulated. New AI advances further expand the potential new data types available to increase transparency and detail. Large language models (LLMs) can rapidly and accurately categorize massive amounts of text and images and translate seamlessly between languages. The resulting more complete and transparent picture enables policy makers to respond to challenges more effectively while also holding them to account.

AI and data governance should extend beyond addressing harms. International institutions and governments need to actively steward digital data and AI tools to support a step change in our understanding of society’s biggest challenges. They should invest where data is scare,lagging or incomplete; where key public interest questions are at stake; and where there are few market incentives to do so. They will also need to recognize the limitations of these methods, avoid relying on single indicators, maintain and enhance investments in baseline data, combine private sector data into public data pools, and apply frameworks for transparency, ethics and privacy.

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