Title page 1

Contents 2

Acknowledgments 7

About G2Px 8

Abbreviations 9

Executive Summary 11

1. Introduction 18

1.1. METHODOLOGY 20

Literature Review and Data Analysis 20

Program Analysis: Designing Digital Literacy Programs 21

Scope and Limitations 22

2. Key Concepts and Definitions 23

2.1. DIGITAL LITERACY 23

Relevant Digital Skills Frameworks 25

European Commission's Digital Competence Framework for Citizens 25

UNESCO's Digital Literacy Framework 26

2.2. DIGITAL FINANCIAL LITERACY 26

2.3. DIGITAL FINANCIAL CAPABILITY 27

2.4. THE LANDSCAPE OF DEFINITIONS 27

3. The State of Women's Digital Literacy 30

3.1. WHERE DO WE STAND GLOBALLY ON DIGITAL LITERACY? 30

4. Key Barriers to Women's Digital Literacy 33

4.1. INSUFFICIENT DIGITAL CONNECTIVITY 33

4.2. AFFORDABILITY CONSTRAINTS 34

4.3. LOW LEVELS OF EDUCATION 36

4.4. RESTRICTIVE GENDER AND SOCIAL NORMS 39

4.5. LIMITED DIGITAL AWARENESS AND LOW LEVELS OF DIGITAL CONFIDENCE 40

4.6. LACK OF APPROPRIATE DESIGN AND RELEVANT CONTENT 40

4.7. CONCERNS AROUND ONLINE SAFETY AND SECURITY 41

5. What Works to Address These Barriers? 46

5.1. EXPAND INCLUSIVE DIGITAL CONNECTIVITY 46

Increase Access to Public Internet Access Points (PIAPs) 46

Enable Access to End-User Equipment and Devices 47

Improve Affordability through Demand- and Supply-side Measures 48

5.2. IMPLEMENT GENDER-SMART DIGITAL SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAMS 50

Provide Information and Develop Content Relevant to Women's Lives 50

Engage Gatekeepers 52

Combat Restrictive Gender Stereotypes and Social Norms 54

Facilitate Access to Role Models and Mentors 55

Provide Transportation, Childcare, Meals, and Flexible Schedules 56

Prioritize Mobile Literacy 57

Improve Online Safety and Security 57

6. Designing Women's Digital Literacy Programs 59

6.1. DELIVERY CHANNELS 60

Global Evidence on Delivery Channels 61

Good Practices & Promising Approaches for Delivery Channels 61

Print Media 61

Broadcast 61

Digital Channels 62

6.2. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES 71

Global Evidence on Instructional Approaches 72

Good Practices & Promising Approaches for Instructional Approaches 72

Classroom-Based 72

Group-Based 73

Peer-Based 76

Training-of-Trainers 77

6.3. LEARNING MODELS 79

Global Evidence on Learning Models 79

Good Practices & Promising Approaches for Learning Models 80

Learning-by-Doing 80

Bite-Sized Learning 81

Edutainment and Gamification 81

Personalized Content 83

Nudges and Behavioral Design 84

6.4. WRAPAROUND FEATURES 85

Global Evidence on Wraparound Features 85

Good Practices & Promising Approaches for Wraparound Features 86

Mentorship and Role Models 86

Community-Based Interventions 89

Engaging Gatekeepers 90

Providing Transportation, Childcare, Meals, and Flexible Schedules 91

6.5. SECTOR-SPECIFIC USE CASES 92

Good Practices and Promising Approaches for Sector-Specific Use Cases Advancing Women's Digital Financial Capability 93

Entrepreneurship and Business Skills Development Programs 93

Social Assistance Programs 96

6.6. GENDER-INCLUSIVE DIGITAL FINANCIAL SERVICES 100

Global Evidence on Gender-Inclusive Digital Financial Services 101

Good Practices & Promising Approaches for Gender-Inclusive Digital Financial Services 101

Women-Centered Products and Services 101

Women Agents 103

7. Conclusion 108

7.1. SUMMARY OF EVIDENCE 108

Delivery Channels 108

Instructional Approaches 109

Learning Models 109

Wraparound Features 109

7.2. DRIVING PROGRESS THROUGH RESEARCH 110

Appendix A: Global Mapping of Programs 112

Appendix B: Multidimensional Framework for Digital Literacy 125

Appendix C: Evidence Summary Table 127

Appendix D: Digital Literacy Toolkits 132

References 133

Tables 6

Table 1. Program Design Framework 14

Table 2. DigComp 2.2 Conceptual Model 25

Table 3. UNESCO Supplementary Competence Areas to DigiComp 26

Table 4. The Landscape of Definitions 28

Table 5. Common Definitions for Online Violence 41

Table 6. Behaviors Commonly Associated with Online Violence 42

Table 7. Program Design Framework 60

Table 8. Digital Literacy Programs: AFR Region 112

Table 9. Digital Literacy Programs: MENA Region 114

Table 10. Digital Literacy Programs: SAR Region 114

Table 11. Digital Literacy Programs: EAP Region 115

Table 12. Digital Literacy Programs: ECA Region 116

Table 13. Digital Literacy Programs: Worldwide 117

Table 14. Digital Financial Literacy Programs: AFR Region 118

Table 15. Digital Financial Literacy Programs: MENA Region 119

Table 16. Digital Financial Literacy Programs: LAC Region 121

Table 17. Digital Financial Literacy Programs: SAR Region 121

Table 18. Digital Financial Literacy Programs: EAP Region 122

Table 19. Digital Financial Literacy Programs: ECA Region 123

Table 20. A Multidimensional Framework for Digital Financial Literacy 125

Table 21. Evidence Summary Table 127

Table 22. Resources: List of Toolkits for Program Designers 132

Figures 6

Figure 1. Youth and adults who can copy or move a file or folder, by sex 31

Figure 2. Proportion of youth and adults who can send emails with attached files, by sex 31

Figure 3. Proportion of youth and adults who can connect and install devices, by sex 32

Boxes 5

Box 1. Feature vs. Smartphone Usage 35

Box 2. Maisha Ni Digital Campaign 48

Box 3. Arifu Digital Learning and Training Content 51

Box 4. Social Norms Intervention in the Democratic Republic of Congo 54

Box 5. Vodafone's India Sakhi Sakhi Mobile-Based Safety Service 58

Box 6. Digital Literacy: Intel's She Will Connect, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa 63

Box 7. Digital Financial Capability: Arab Women's Enterprise Fund and Tasaheel Microfinance Company, Egypt 64

Box 8. Digital Financial Capability: Hey Sister! USAID and Strategic Impact Advisors, Africa Region 65

Box 9. Digital Literacy: UN Refugee Agency, Global 67

Box 10. Digital Financial Capability: Government of Zambia, UNCDF and Viamo 67

Box 11. Digital Literacy: Vodafone Egypt Foundation's Knowledge is Power Initiative 69

Box 12. Digital Literacy: Rural Distribution Network by the Self-Employed Women's Association, India 70

Box 13. Digital Financial Capability: WomenLink II, India and the Philippines 71

Box 14. Digital Financial Capability: National Peace Hut Women of Liberia, UN Women and Orange Foundation 72

Box 15. Digital Literacy: Basic Digital Literacy for Rural Clusters in Northern Nigeria 74

Box 16. Digital Literacy: Digital Life Program, Kenya 74

Box 17. Digital Financial Capability: BRAC Skakti, Bangladesh 75

Box 18. Digital Financial Capability: Herfinance Digital Wages, Bangladesh 77

Box 19. Digital Literacy: Gina Mata, Gina Al-Umma, Nigeria 78

Box 20. Digital Financial Capability: Hope Town Hero App, Philippines 82

Box 21. Digital Literacy: Digital Opportunity Trust and EQUALS, Rwanda 87

Box 22. Digital Financial Capability: Cashpor and Eko Program, India 89

Box 23. Digital Financial Capability: ONOW Myanmar 93

Box 24. Digital Financial Capability: We Initiative, BLC Bank Lebanon 95

Box 25. Digital Financial Capability: BOMA Pilot, Kenya 96

Box 26. Digital Financial Capability: The Capacity Building for Entrepreneurs Program, Sierra Leone 98

Box 27. Digital Financial Capability: The Safety Net for Human Capital Project (Baxnaano), Somalia 99

Box 28. Digital Financial Capability: The Digi#ances Project, Jordan 100

Box 29. Digital Financial Capability: Digital Literacy Training Program, AWEF and Tasaheel Microfinance Company, Egypt 102

Box 30. Digital Financial Capability: Sakhi, Vodafone Idea, India 103

Box 31. Digital Financial Capability: Female Agent Program, AWEF and Dinarak Jordan 104

Box 32. Digital Financial Capability: The Community Agent Network (CAN), the Philippines 105

Box 33. Digital Financial Capability: Business Women Connect, Mozambique 107