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Title page 1

Contents 3

Highlights 2

Letter 7

Background 11

Federal Efforts to Improve IT Acquisition Management and Oversight 13

Assessing IT Acquisition Risks 20

Key Attributes of Selected Mission-Critical IT Acquisitions 21

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE - Joint Operational Medicine Information Systems 36

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE - Joint Warfighting Cloud Capability 38

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION - Free Application for Federal Student Aid Processing System 40

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION - Title IV Origination and Disbursement Modernization 42

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES - Indian Health Service Electronic Health Records Modernization 44

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY - Homeland Advanced Recognition Technology 46

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY - Non-Intrusive Inspection Integration 48

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE - SENTRY Modernization - Centralized Inmate Case Logistics Operations and Planning System 50

DEPARTMENT OF STATE - Consular Systems Modernization 52

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION - Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast 54

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION - Voice Communications Systems 56

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY - Business Master File Modernization 58

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY - Individual Master File Modernization 60

DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS - Electronic Health Record Modernization 62

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY - Integrated Compliance Information System Modernization 64

SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION - MySBA Platform 66

Appendix I: Objective, Scope, and Methodology 69

Appendix II: Copy of the Questionnaire That GAO Administered to the 24 Agencies Covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act 79

Appendix III: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 87

Tables 4

Table 1. Federal Agency Mission-Critical IT Acquisitions 21

Table 2. Mission-Critical IT Acquisitions Related to Programmatic GAO High-Risk Areas 24

Table 3. Mission-Critical IT Acquisitions' Planned Costs, Expected Deployment Dates, and Status of Acquisition-Specific GAO IT and Cybersecurity Reviews (as of January 2025) 26

Table 4. Development Solutions Reported by Agencies 28

Table 5. Acquisition Risks Reported by Agencies 30

Table 6. Acquisition Challenges Reported by Agencies 31

Table 7. GAO Selection Criteria Categories and Their Point Values 72

Figures 4

Figure 1. System Acquisition Purpose Reported by Agencies 29

Figure 2. Cost Savings and Cost Avoidances Expected by Agencies' Acquisitions After Deployment 33

Figure 3. Illustration of Acquisition Profile 35