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22대 대한민국 국회 국회정보길라잡이 국회의원검색
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국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색
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Title page 1

Contents 1

Abstract 3

1. Introduction 4

2. Background and Data 8

2.1. The firm 8

2.2. Sample and Variable Definitions 10

2.3. Summary Statistics 13

3. Child Penalty 17

3.1. Empirical Strategy 17

3.2. Estimation Results 21

4. Underlying Mechanisms 25

4.1. Internal Promotion Dynamics 25

4.2. Discussion 34

5. Theoretical Exploration 37

6. Concluding Remarks 41

Appendices 48

A. Data Appendix 48

B. Supplementary Analyses Using Representative Sample 70

C. Proofs of Propositions 73

References 43

Tables 14

Table 1. Summary Statistics (As of September 2013) 14

Table 2. Unconditional Promotion Rate by Gender 25

Table 3. Determinants of Promotions 30

Table 4. Determinants of Evaluation Scores 33

Table 5. Data sources 48

Table 6. Balance of Pre-Event Characteristics 53

Table 7. Event Study Estimates Under Different Event Study Designs 54

Table 8. Determinants of Promotions: Manufacturing Division 60

Table 9. Determinants of Promotions: Sales Division 61

Table 10. Determinants of Promotions: Back Office 62

Table 11. Determinants of Evaluation Scores: Manufacturing Division 63

Table 12. Determinants of Evaluation Scores: Sales Division 64

Table 13. Determinants of Evaluation Scores: Back Office 65

Table 14. Determinants of Promotions 66

Table 15. Determinants of Evaluation Scores 67

Table 16. Hours Worked and Productivity 69

Figures 15

Figure 1. Women's Post Birth Employment Status 15

Figure 2. Decomposition of Average Monthly Earnings 16

Figure 3. Average Monthly Earnings Around the Time of the First Childbirth 19

Figure 4. Average Monthly Earnings of Treated and Matched Control Groups 21

Figure 5. Event Study Estimates by Pay Component 22

Figure 6. Sources of Child Penalty 24

Figure 7. Distribution of Men and Women Across the Job Ladder 26

Figure 8. Promotion Rate by Evaluation Score and Job Rank 27

Figure 9. Distribution of Weekly Hours Worked by Job Rank 28

Figure 10. Hours Worked and Evaluation Scores 31

Figure 11. Illustration of Household Behavior 40

Figure 12. Annual Quit Rate by Age and Gender 49

Figure 13. The percentage distribution of the number of children fathered (on the left) or mothered (on the right) by the employees at the age of 40.... 50

Figure 14. Decomposition of Average Monthly Earnings 51

Figure 15. Monthly Earnings Around the Time of the First Childbirth by No. of Children 52

Figure 16. Covariate Balance 53

Figure 17. Event Study Estimates Using Future Parents as Control 56

Figure 18. Employee Survey Responses Around the Time of Childbirth 57

Figure 19. Impact of First Childbirth on Employee Survey Responses 59

Figure 20. Past Hours Worked and Current Productivity 68

Figure 21. Women's Employment Pattern Around Childbirth 70

Figure 22. Post Birth Cumulative Job Transition by PL availability 72

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