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Title page 1

Contents 4

Acknowledgements 7

Abbreviations 8

Executive Summary 9

Chapter 1. Overall context on disability inclusion in the Kyrgyz Republic 15

1.1. General statistics on disability in the Kyrgyz Republic 16

1.2. Main stakeholders working on disability issues 20

1.3. Overview of legal frameworks covering disability 21

1.4. Overview of national/state programs addressing disability 23

1.5. Norms and attitudes in society toward people with disability 25

Chapter 2. Social protection benefits for people with disabilities from the perspective of employment 27

2.1. Public spending to support people with disabilities 28

2.2. Monthly Social Benefit and Disability Pension 29

2.3. Social Contract Program 35

Chapter 3. Education for children and adults with disability 37

3.1. Transition from home to the education system 38

3.2. Inclusion in early childhood development and care settings 42

3.3. Inclusion in school settings 44

3.4. The school to work/vocational education transition 48

3.5. Main barriers in education (findings from the interviews) 50

Chapter 4. Access to employment of people with disabilities 53

4.1. Labor market trends in the Kyrgyz Republic and employment of people with disabilities 54

4.2. Key legal framework enabling employment of persons with disabilities 56

4.3. Public programs and services to support employment of people with disabilities 60

4.4. Retraining of adults with disabilities 63

Chapter 5. Key barriers to employment of people with disabilities and wage employment practices for people with disabilities (qualitative findings) 66

5.1. Key barriers to employment of people with disabilities 67

5.2. Employer attitudes towards people with disabilities 68

5.3. Employing workers with disabilities: recruitment and hiring practices (from an employers' perspective) 71

5.4. Quota implementation from the employers' perspective 73

5.5. Retaining workers with disabilities: training, arranging accessible workplace, occupational health practices (from an employers' perspective) 74

5.6. Cooperation between the employers and organizations of people with disabilities 75

5.7. Other activities to support people with disabilities and employers in the labor market 76

Recommendations 77

Annex 1. Methodology 83

Annex 2. International best practices to facilitate employment of people with disabilities and support employers 86

References 91

Tables 5

Table 1. The interviews and focus group participants' views on barriers to employment of people with disabilities in specific sectors 13

Table 1.1. Overview of legislation by categories 21

Table 1.2. Expenditures for the State Program "Accessible Country", million KGS 24

Table 2.1. Public expenditures on social protection and disability 28

Table 2.2. Budget programs for people with disabilities social assistance and social care, million, KGS 29

Table 2.3. Official degree of disability, 2022 30

Table 2.4. Employer's mandatory contribution rates to the social insurance system 34

Table 2.5. Employee's mandatory contribution rates to the social insurance system 35

Table 3.1. Special education organizations implementing special education curriculum at the general secondary level (at the beginning of the school year) 44

Table 3.2. Number of children under 18 years of age with disabilities registered with the social protection authorities by sex and territory 45

Table 3.3. Number of educational institutions for children with disabilities by type of impairment and number of pupils for school year 2022-2023 46

Table 3.4. Main indicators of primary vocational education organizations 49

Table 3.5. Main indicators of secondary vocational education organizations 49

Table 3.6. Main indicators of higher education organizations 49

Table 4.1. Size of labor quota for people with disabilities and its implementation, number of people 58

Table 4.2. Types of employment support provided through PESA 61

Table 4.3. Number of people and type of assistance provided by PESA for people with disabilities, 2019-2023 62

Table 4.4. Number of people with disabilities who received services of the Public Employment Center Authorities (PESA) 62

Table 5.1. The interviews and focus group participants' views on barriers to employment of people with disabilities in specific sectors 70

Figures 5

Figure 1.1. Number of persons registered with disability 17

Figure 1.2. Children registered with disability by gender (as of January 1, 2022) 17

Figure 1.3. Number of households with and without a member with disability by income groups, 2022 18

Figure 1.4. Total number of people registered with disability as a share of population, by regions (as of January 1, 2023) 19

Figure 1.5. Share of people who consider that the government does enough to help people with disabilities 25

Figure 2.1. Adults first registered with disability by degree of disability (as of January 1, 2022) 31

Figure 2.2. Average MSB and disability pensions in comparison with subsistence minimum, 2017-2022, KGS 32

Figure 2.3. Comparison of MSB and disability pension with other payments, 2023 33

Figure 2.4. Average monthly amount in KGS of disability pension in the regions, 2023 33

Figure 4.1. Level of total unemployment, 2013-2022, percentage 55

Figure 4.2. Level of unemployment by regions in 2022, percentage 55

Boxes 6

Box 1.1. Definitions of disability 16

Box 1.2. Key functional limitations in the Kyrgyz Republic 19

Box 2.1. Monthly Social Benefit for persons not entitled to pension benefits 31

Box 3.1. Personal assistant position 41

Box 3.2. Lessons learned from the "Enhancing Resilience in the Kyrgyz Republic" (ERIK) project 46

Box 4.1. Labor Code overview 56

Box 4.2. Types of incentives for employers 57

Box 4.3. Incentives for compliance - examples from other countries 60

Annex Tables 6

Table A1. Conducted FGDs 83

Table A2. Recruiting plan for Key informant interviews (KII) 84

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