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Title page 1

Contents 4

Acknowledgments 5

Foreword 7

Introduction 10

Methodology 12

Behavioral Science and Public Health 15

Three Models of Incorporating Behavioral Science in Public Health 24

MODEL 1: Countries with Units Embedded in MOHs 28

AUSTRALIA 30

Background and Overview 31

National Government Behavioral Insights Units 32

Subnational Government Behavioral Insights Units 36

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 41

Background and Overview 42

National Government Behavioral Insights Unit 43

CANADA 45

Background and Overview 46

National Government Behavioral Insights Units 47

Subnational Government Behavioral Insights Units 52

FINLAND 56

Background and Overview 57

National Government Behavioral Insights Unit 58

IRELAND 61

Background and Overview 62

National Government Behavioral Insights Unit 63

MALAYSIA 66

Background and Overview 67

National Government Behavioral Insights Unit 68

NETHERLANDS 72

Background and Overview 73

National Government Behavioral Insights Units 74

Subnational Government Behavioral Insights Units 78

THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA 82

Background and Overview 83

National Government Behavioral Insights Unit 84

SINGAPORE 88

Background and Overview 89

National Government Behavioral Insights Unit 90

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 93

Background and Overview 94

National Government Behavioral Insights Unit 95

UNITED KINGDOM 98

Background and Overview 99

National Government Behavioral Insights Units 100

England 100

Northern Ireland 105

Scotland 106

Wales 107

UNITED STATES 109

Background and Overview 110

National Government Behavioral Insights Unit 111

MODEL 2: Countries with Units Outside MOHs 121

ARGENTINA 123

Background and Overview 124

National Government Behavioral Insights Unit 125

BRAZIL 128

Background and Overview 129

Subnational Government Behavioral Insights Units 130

CHILE 134

Background and Overview 135

National Government Behavioral Insights Unit 136

FRANCE 139

Background and Overview 140

National Government Behavioral Insights Unit 141

INDIA 144

Background and Overview 145

National Government Behavioal Insights Unit 146

JAPAN 150

Background and Overview 151

Subnational Government Behavioral Insights Units 152

SOUTH AFRICA 159

Background and Overview 160

Subnational Government Behavioral Insights Unit 161

MODEL 3: Countries Where Behaviorally Informed Work in Health Is Conducted with Third-Party Support 164

URUGUAY 164

QATAR 165

ETHIOPIA 165

MEXICO 165

References 167

APPENDIX A: Frameworks 173

Tables 25

Table 1. Country and Model Mapping 25

Figures 19

Figure 1. Health Area Focus reported by surveyed BIUs 19

Figure 2. The initiation of behavioral science units profiled in this report 27

Maps 26

Map 1. BIUs profiled in this report 26