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22대 대한민국 국회 국회정보길라잡이 국회의원검색
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Title page 1

Contents 3

Executive Summary 5

1. Introduction 7

1.1. Background and project aim 7

1.2. Introduction to infrared heating 8

2. Method 10

2.1. Approach to literature reviews 10

2.1.1. Systematic review; keywords, exclusion criteria, and filtering 11

2.2. User experience test design 11

2.2.1. Energy house monitoring 12

2.2.2. Research questions (RQ) 12

2.2.3. Experimental design 13

2.2.4. Comfort voting method 16

2.2.5. Focus group method 17

2.3. Selection of IR heating systems 17

3. Results 22

3.1. Literature review 22

3.1.1. Systematic literature review 22

3.1.2. Grey literature review 22

3.1.3. Literature review implications for future research 24

3.2. User experience tests: Comfort votes 26

RQ1. Does the location of the occupant relative to the heat emitter affect perceptions of comfort? 26

RQ2. Does the mounting location (wall, ceiling or coving) of the IR heat emitter affect perceptions of comfort? and,... 29

RQ3. Does the type of heat emitter affect perceptions of comfort? 29

RQ4. What is the time to perceived comfort after switching on IR heating? 30

RQ5. What is the time to perceived discomfort after switching off IR heating? 33

3.2.1. Additional observations: Surface condensation risks 35

3.2.2. Summary of user experience tests 36

3.2.3. Test house experiments key findings for any future research 37

3.3. User experience tests: Focus groups 38

RQ6. What are participants' general perceptions of IR heating as alternative central heating systems for their homes 38

3.3.1. Infrared thermal comfort 38

3.3.2. Heater design 42

3.3.3. Using infrared heaters in your home 44

3.3.4. Approach to heating the home 47

3.3.5. Focus group key findings and implications for future research 50

4. Recommendations for any future IR field trial 51

4.1. Types of homes 51

4.2. Types of households 53

4.3. Types of IR heaters 54

4.4. Types of data collection 55

5. Conclusion 57

6. References 59

7. Appendix, Systematic literature review 61

7.1. Scopus 61

7.2. Google Scholar 64

7.3. Grey literature 69

7.4. IR Heater archetypes 70

7.4.1. Type A 70

7.4.2. Type B 70

7.4.3. Type C 71

7.4.4. Type D 71

7.4.5. Type E 72

7.4.6. Type F 73

7.4.7. Conductive heaters 73

7.4.8. Control systems 74

Tables 13

Table 2-1. IR user experience experimental design 13

Table 2-2. Weeks 1 & 2 Heating schedule (Red = heat up from 15℃ to 21℃, Yellow = hold at 21℃, Blue = heaters turned off) and Seat position (1-4) 14

Table 2-3. Week 3 Heating schedule (Red = heat up from 15℃ to 21℃, Yellow = hold at 21℃, Blue = heaters turned off) and Seat position (1-4) 14

Table 2-4. Overview of IR heater typologies and salient features 18

Table 2-5. IR emitters selected for user experience tests 19

Table 3-1. Average starting air temperature values for each technology 32

Table 3-2. Average air temperature values for each technology after switching off the heaters 34

Table 3-3. Summary of findings from IR user experience tests 36

Table 4-1. Considerations on the types of homes to include in a field trial 51

Table 4-2. Considerations on the types of household to include in a field trial 53

Table 4-3. Considerations on the types of heating systems to include in a field trial 54

Table 4-4. Considerations on the types of household to include in a field trial 55

Table 7-1. Boolean search using Scopus 62

Table 7-2. Selected papers after title filter using Scopus 62

Table 7-3. Boolean search using Google Scholar 65

Table 7-4. Selected papers after title filter using Google Scholar 65

Table 7-5. Title and description of the related papers from the papers searched via Google Scholar 68

Table 7-6. Summary of Grey literature 69

Figures 9

Figure 1-1. Spectral bands of the electromagnetic spectrum (Adapted from BS ISO 20473:2007 [2]) 9

Figure 2-1. Research project overview 10

Figure 2-2. The Salford Energy House Facility 11

Figure 2-3. Seating positions in rooms A (top) and B (bottom) 15

Figure 2-4. Button Box voting device 16

Figure 2-5. IR Heater type 1 installed in Room B 19

Figure 2-6. IR Heater type 2 installed in Room A 20

Figure 2-7. IR Heater type 4 installed in Room C 20

Figure 2-8. IR Heater type 5 to be installed in Room C 21

Figure 2-9. IR Heater type 6 installed in Room C (mid-install left, covered pre-plaster right) 21

Figure 3-1. Average comfort votes Room B (wall panels), Weeks 1 & 2 27

Figure 3-2. Average comfort votes Room A (ceiling panels), Weeks 1 & 2 29

Figure 3-3. Perceived time to comfort based on Bedford scale 31

Figure 3-4. Perceived time to comfort based on Central scale 32

Figure 3-5. Perceived time to discomfort based on Bedford scale 33

Figure 3-6. Perceived time to discomfort based on Central scale 34

Figure 3-7. Average air temperature versus corner temperature for each heater 35

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