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Title page 1

Contents 4

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 6

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 10

1. INTRODUCTION 13

2. GOVTECH SOLUTIONS HELPING TO TACKLE CLIMATE CHANGE: CASE STUDIES 17

2.1. Introduction 17

2.2. Case Study: Albania's Path to Greening GovTech 19

2.2.1. Background 19

2.2.2. Greenhacking the bureaucracy and service delivery (the What) 20

2.2.3. Governing the transformation (the How) 24

2.2.4. Key takeaways 26

2.3. Case Study: Brazil's Foundations for Greening GovTech 26

2.3.1. Background 26

2.3.2. Greenhacking the bureaucracy and service delivery (the What) 27

2.3.3. Governing the transformation (the How) 32

2.3.4. Key takeaways 34

2.4. Case Study: Germany's Greening GovTech Approach 35

2.4.1. Background 35

2.4.2. Greenhacking the bureaucracy and service delivery (the What) 36

2.4.3. Governing the transformation (the How) 38

2.4.4. Key takeaways 41

3. MEASURING THE GOVTECH CONTRIBUTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE 42

3.1. Existing Methodological Approaches to Measuring GHG Emissions 43

3.1.1. The GHG Protocol Policy and Action Standard 43

3.1.2. International Organization for Standardization GHG emissions standards 45

3.1.3. Local-level action 46

3.1.4. The role of multilateral development banks in estimating GHG emissions 46

3.2. Greening GovTech Measurement Approach 47

3.2.1. Strengthen the legal and regulatory environment 48

3.2.2. Gather data and establish a GHG inventory 49

3.2.3. Quantify the direct impact and compare against a baseline 52

3.2.4. Consider co-benefits and indirect impacts 52

3.2.5. Maintain measurement, reporting, and verification systems 53

3.3. Implementation of the Measurement Approach 54

4. CONCLUSION 55

REFERENCES 58

Tables 21

Table 1. WHAT Greening GovTech Initiatives Has Albania Started? 21

Table 2. HOW Albania is Enabling its Greening GovTech Initiatives 24

Table 3. WHAT Greening GovTech Initiatives Has the Government of Brazil Undertaken? 27

Table 4. HOW the Government of Brazil is Enabling its Greening GovTech Initiatives 32

Table 5. WHAT Greening GovTech Initiatives has the Government of Germany Undertaken? 37

Table 6. HOW the German Government is Enabling its Greening GovTech Initiatives 39

Figures 15

Figure 1. Greening GovTech Framework 15

Figure 2. Greening GovTech: Case Studies Analytical Approach 19

Figure 3. Gov.br: Digitalization of Public Services 30

Figure 4. GHG Protocol Policy and Action Standard 44

Figure 5. Greening GovTech Measurement Approach (GGMA) 48

Figure 6. Five Steps in the GGMA Process 57

Boxes 45

Box 1. ISO 14064 Family and Other GHG Emissions-Related Standards 45

Box 2. Considerations for the Digital-Climate Regulatory Framework 49

Box 3. Key Metrics to Measure GHG Emissions from GovTech Solutions 51

Box 4. Estimating GHG Emissions Reductions from Transportation 53

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