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Title page 1

Contents 3

Highlights 2

Letter 7

Background 11

Reporting Employee Misconduct 12

Categorizing Allegations 13

Employee Disciplinary Process 15

BOP Has Policies and Procedures to Address Employee Misconduct but Has Not Fully Communicated Them 19

BOP Updated Its Standards of Employee Conduct in 2024 19

BOP's Policy Describes Procedures for Conducting Compelled Interviews but Does Not Cite the Correct Legal Decision 22

BOP Has Not Fully Informed Incarcerated Individuals About Employee Conduct Offenses Affecting Health and Safety 24

BOP Does Not Routinely and Systemically Use Employee Feedback on Standards of Employee Conduct Training 27

BOP Has Not Fully Incorporated Data Analysis, Planning, and Evaluation Mechanisms into Misconduct Management 30

BOP Collects Employee Misconduct Data, but Conducts Limited Analysis of Trends 30

BOP Does Not Have a Comprehensive Plan to Ensure Accountability for Investigating and Disciplining Employee Misconduct Cases 36

BOP Does Not Have a Method for Comprehensively Evaluating Processing Times for Employee Misconduct Cases 41

Multiple DOJ Components Have Roles in Investigating and Prosecuting Allegations of BOP Employee Misconduct 45

Conclusions 51

Recommendations for Executive Action 52

Agency Comments and Our Evaluation 53

Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 57

Appendix II: Overview of Kalkines v. United States and Garrity v. New Jersey Cases 64

Appendix III: Bureau of Prisons Investigative Interview Policies 65

Appendix IV: Bureau of Prisons Signage Conveying Zero-Tolerance Sexual Abuse Policy and Reporting Mechanisms 67

Appendix V: Illustrative Examples from Interviews with Incarcerated Individuals 68

Appendix VI: Data on Outcomes of Bureau of Prisons Employee Misconduct Cases, October 2013 through February 2025 69

Appendix VII: Comments from the Department of Justice 70

Appendix VIII: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 75

Tables 4

Table 1. Ways Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Employees and Incarcerated Individuals Can Report Employee Misconduct 13

Table 2. Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Employee Misconduct Allegations: Types and Description 14

Table 3. Type and Examples of Changes in the 2024 Bureau of Prisons' Standards of Employee Conduct Policy Specific to Personal Conduct and Responsibility 19

Table 4. Examples of Warnings Investigators Provide to Federal Employees with Allegations of Misconduct 23

Table 5. Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Correctional Facilities with the Highest Number of Employee Misconduct Cases and Complaints, October 2013-February 2025 34

Table 6. Department of Justice Components' Roles Investigating and Prosecuting Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Employee Misconduct Cases 46

Table 7. Overview of Kalkines v. United States, Garrity v. New Jersey and their Corresponding Holdings 64

Table 8. Illustrative Examples from GAO Interviews with Incarcerated Individuals at Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Facilities on the Subject of Employee Misconduct 68

Figures 4

Figure 1. Roles of Bureau of Prisons Offices and Facilities in Addressing Employee Misconduct 12

Figure 2. Overview of Bureau of Prisons' Employee Disciplinary Process 18

Figure 3. Categorization of Offenses from BOP's 2024 Standards of Employee Conduct 21

Figure 4. Ten Most Frequent Misconduct Offenses Alleged Against Bureau of Prisons Employees, Fiscal Years 2014-2024 32

Figure 5. Number of Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Employee Misconduct Cases and Complaints by Fiscal Year of Report, 2014-2024 33

Figure 6. Number and Status of Open Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Employee Misconduct Cases as of February 2025 37

Figure 7. Processing Times for Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Employee Misconduct Cases Reported from Fiscal Years 2014-2024 42

Figure 8. Length of Time Bureau of Prisons Employee Misconduct Cases Had Been Open as of February 2025 43

Figure 9. Actions the Department of Justice's Office of the Inspector General (OIG) Took Related to Bureau of Prisons Employee Misconduct Allegations, October 2013-March 2025 48

Figure 10. Ten Most Frequent Bureau of Prisons Employee Misconduct Allegations the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) Investigated, October 2013-March 2025 49

Figure 11. Outcomes of Bureau of Prisons Employee Misconduct Cases Adjudicated in Criminal Court, October 2013 through March 2025 51

Figure 12. Bureau of Prisons Investigative Policy Describing Steps for Conducting Compelled Interviews 65

Figure 13. Sample of Interview Form Used During Compelled Interviews 66

Figure 14. Example of a Sign Conveying Zero-Tolerance Sexual Abuse Policy and Reporting Mechanisms 67

Figure 15. Outcomes of Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Employee Misconduct Cases Closed from October 2013-February 2025 by Category 69