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동의어 포함

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Title page 1

Contents 1

Abstract 2

Introduction and Literature 4

Data and Methodology 5

Motivation: Evolution of Gender Differences in Poverty, 2007-2021 8

Children at Home as a Key Driver of Poverty 9

Analyzing Gender Poverty Gaps 12

Concluding Remarks 19

References 21

Annex 24

Group 1 - Households with minors 0-5: Adults aged between 23 and 28 24

Group 2 - Households with minors 0-5: Adults aged between 41 and 45 28

Group 3 - Households with minors 6-12 (and no minors 0-5): Adults aged between 29 and 39 32

Group 4 - Households with no minors: Adults aged between 31 and 50 36

Tables 5

Table 1. Surveys (countries-years) and population coverage 5

Table 2. Household typologies under the Demographic and Economic compositions 7

Table 3. Regional distribution of household the Demographic and Economic compositions, Circa 2021 8

Table 4. Position in the household and household type for prime-aged (23-50) individuals. By sex and poverty status. Circa 2021 12

Table 5. Kitagawa-Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition of the gender difference in poverty rates of people 23-28 in households with minors aged 0-5. Circa 2021 14

Table 6. Kitagawa-Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition of the gender difference in poverty rates people 41-45 in households with minors aged 0-5. Circa 2021 15

Table 7. Kitagawa-Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition of the gender difference in poverty rates people 29-39 in households with minors aged 6-12 (no minors 0-5). Circa 2021 16

Table 8. Kitagawa-Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition of the gender difference in poverty rates people 31-50 in households with no children 0-12. Circa 2021 16

Figures 9

Figure 1. Evolution of female and male poverty rates by age group, circa 2007 and circa 2021 9

Figure 2. Female and male poverty rates by presence of minors, circa 2021 10

Figure 3. Decomposition of the gender poverty gap, using demographic household compositions, Circa 2021 17

Figure 4. Decomposition of the gender poverty gap, using economic household compositions, Circa 2021 19

Annex Tables 40

Table A1. Descriptive statistics of women and men in the 23-28 age group, with minors aged 0-5, Circa 2021 40

Table A2. Descriptive statistics of women and men in the 41-45 age group, with minors aged 0-5, Circa 2021 41

Table A3. Descriptive statistics of women and men in the 29-39 age group, with minors 6-12 (and no minors 0-5), Circa 2021 42

Table A4. Descriptive statistics of women and men in the 31-50 age group, with no minors, Circa 2021 43

Annex Figures 24

Figure A1. Education and poverty, Circa 2021 24

Figure A2. Location and poverty, Circa 2021 24

Figure A3. Marital Status and poverty, Circa 2021 25

Figure A4. Distribution of poor households across demographic household typology, Circa 2021 25

Figure A5. Share of household type among poor and total households according to the demographic composition, Circa 2021 25

Figure A6. Distribution of poor households across economic household typology, Circa 2021 26

Figure A7. Share of household type among poor and total households according to the economic composition, Circa 2021 26

Figure A8. Education and poverty, Circa 2021 28

Figure A9. Location and poverty 28

Figure A10. Marital Status and poverty, Circa 2021 28

Figure A11. Distribution of poor households across demographic household typology, Circa 2021 29

Figure A12. Share of household type among poor and total households according to the demographic composition. Circa 2021 29

Figure A13. Distribution of poor households across economic household typology. Circa 2021 30

Figure A14. Share of household type among poor and total households according to the economic composition. Circa 2021 30

Figure A15. Education and poverty, Circa 2021 32

Figure A16. Location and poverty, Circa 2021 32

Figure A17. Marital Status and poverty, Circa 2021 33

Figure A18. Distribution of poor households across demographic household typology, Circa 2021 33

Figure A19. Share of household type among poor and total households according to the demographic composition, Circa 2021 33

Figure A20. Distribution of poor households across economic household typology, Circa 2021 34

Figure A21. Share of household type among poor and total households according to the economic composition, Circa 2021 34

Figure A22. Education and poverty, Circa 2021 36

Figure A23. Location and poverty, Circa 2021 36

Figure A24. Marital Status and poverty, Circa 2021 37

Figure A25. Distribution of poor households across demographic household typology, Circa 2021 37

Figure A26. Share of household type among poor and total households according to the demographic composition, Circa 2021 37

Figure A27. Distribution of poor households across economic household typology, Circa 2021 38

Figure A28. Share of household type among poor and total households according to the economic composition, Circa 2021 38