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Title page 1

Contents 3

Highlights 2

Letter 6

Background 10

DHS's Humanitarian Parole Authority 10

Establishment of Supporter-Based Parole Processes 12

Agency Roles and Responsibilities 17

Steps in the Supporter-Based Parole Processes 18

Suspension and Termination of Parole Processes 23

Fraud Risk Framework 24

DHS Granted Supporter-Based Humanitarian Parole to About 774,000 Beneficiaries from May 2022 Through September 2024 26

CBP Granted Supporter-Based Parole to About 774,000 Beneficiaries 26

USCIS Confirmed More Than 1 Million Supporter Applications 33

Most Parole Beneficiaries Received Employment Authorization and Some Have Adjusted Their Immigration Status 36

DHS Identified Fraud Risks and Other Challenges in Supporter-Based Parole Processes but Has Not Assessed Lessons Learned 39

DHS Identified Security and Fraud Risks Early in Parole Processes but Has Not Developed a Plan for Internal Controls 39

DHS Faced Additional Challenges in Implementing the Processes, Such as Resource Limitations and Fragmentation 49

DHS Began Taking Corrective Actions but Has Not Assessed Lessons Learned from Supporter-Based Parole Processes 59

DHS Established Policies to Take Enforcement Actions Against Parole Beneficiaries 61

Prior to January 2025, Supporter-Based Parole Beneficiaries Generally Did Not Fall Within DHS Enforcement Priorities 61

Starting in January 2025, DHS Established Policies to Take Increased Enforcement Actions Against Parole Beneficiaries 65

Conclusions 69

Recommendations for Executive Action 70

Agency Comments and Our Evaluation 70

Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 75

Appendix II: Additional Information on Outcomes of Humanitarian Parole Supporter Applications and Characteristics of Supporters and Beneficiaries 80

Appendix III: Comments from the Department of Homeland Security 89

Appendix IV: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 98

Tables 3

Table 1. USCIS Approvals of Applications for Other Immigration Status Made by Humanitarian Parole Beneficiaries, as of March 2025 38

Figures 3

Figure 1. Key Dates Related to DHS's Supporter-Based Parole Processes 13

Figure 2. Southwest Border Encounters of Ukrainians, Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans, and Venezuelans, October 2021-September 2023 16

Figure 3. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Offices' Roles and Responsibilities Related to Supporter-Based Parole Processes 18

Figure 4. General Steps in DHS's Supporter-Based Parole Processes 19

Figure 5. Eligibility Requirements for Supporters and Beneficiaries in the Supporter-Based Parole Processes 21

Figure 6. CBP Grants of Parole Under the CHNV, Uniting for Ukraine, and Family Reunification Parole Processes, May 2022-September 2024 27

Figure 7. Monthly CBP Grants of Parole Under the CHNV, Uniting for Ukraine, and Family Reunification Parole Processes, May 2022-September 2024 28

Figure 8. Top 10 Arrival Airports for CBP Grants of Parole Under the CHNV, Uniting for Ukraine, and Family Reunification Parole Processes, May 2022-September 2024 30

Figure 9. Supporter Applications Confirmed by USCIS, April 2022-September 2024 33

Figure 10. USCIS Supporter Confirmations and Nonconfirmations by Fiscal Year and Humanitarian Parole Process, April 2022-September 2024 35

Figure 11. Examples of Types of Irrelevant Files Submitted in Supporter Applications 43

Figure 12. Modifications to U.S. Airports to Facilitate Humanitarian Parole Processing 53

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