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Title page 1

Contents 4

Highlights 2

Letter 7

Background 10

Marine Corps, Air Force, and Navy Osprey Variants 10

Aviation Accident Categories and Severity Classes 12

Osprey Accidents and Fatalities 13

DOD Aviation Accident Rate Calculation 14

Recent Serious Osprey Accidents, and Subsequent Grounding Periods 15

Osprey Program Roles 16

Serious Osprey Accident Rates Increased in Recent Years and Involved Materiel Failure and Human Error 17

Serious Osprey Accident Rates Increased in Fiscal Years 2023 and 2024 17

Serious Osprey Accident Rates Generally Exceeded the Rates for Other Aircraft Types 21

Most Serious Accidents Involved Causal Factors Related to Materiel Failure and Human Error 23

Osprey Program Stakeholders Have Not Fully Implemented Comprehensive Efforts to Resolve Safety Risks 28

Program Stakeholders Have Not Fully Identified and Responded to All Safety Risks 28

Osprey Program Stakeholders Have Not Established Comprehensive Mechanisms to Oversee Efforts to Resolve Safety Risks 38

Military Services Have Not Routinely Shared Relevant Information to Bolster Osprey Safety 44

Military Services Have Not Proactively Shared Hazard and Accident Reporting Information Among the Joint Osprey Community 44

Military Services Have Not Routinely Met to Review and Share Aircraft Knowledge and Emergency Procedures 48

Actions to Improve Maintenance Information Sharing Are Incomplete 51

Conclusions 55

Recommendations for Executive Action 56

Agency Comments and Our Evaluation 57

Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 60

Appendix II: Osprey Accidents by Class from Initial Operational Capability Through Fiscal Year 2024 66

Appendix III: Osprey Accident Rates by Accident Class, from Fiscal Year 2015 Through Fiscal Year 2024 69

Appendix IV: Accident Rates for the Departments of the Navy and Air Force Aircraft Fleets and Individual Aircraft Types 71

Appendix V: Comments from the Department of Defense 79

Appendix VI: GAO Contacts and Staff Acknowledgments 84

Tables 4

Table 1. Department of Defense (DOD) Aviation Accident Subcategories 12

Table 2. Department of Defense (DOD) Accident Classes 12

Table 3. Key Roles for Osprey Program Management 16

Table 4. Summary of Osprey Serialized Component Audit Findings as of January 31, 2025 52

Table 5. Reported Marine Corps and Navy Osprey Class A through D Accidents, Year of Initial Operational Capability Through Fiscal Year 2024 66

Table 6. Reported Air Force Osprey Class A through D Accidents, Year of Initial Operational Capability Through Fiscal Year 2024 68

Table 7. Reported Marine Corps and Navy Osprey Class A and B Accident Rates, Fiscal Years 2015-2024 69

Table 8. Reported Air Force Osprey Class A and B Accident Rates, Fiscal Years 2015-2024 70

Table 9. Reported Marine Corps Osprey and Department of the Navy Rotary Wing and Fixed Wing Fleet Annual Combined Class A and B Accident Rates, Fiscal Years 2015-2024 71

Table 10. Reported Air Force Osprey and Department of the Air Force Rotary Wing and Fixed Wing Fleet Annual Combined Class A and B Accident Rates, Fiscal Years 2015-2024 72

Table 11. Reported Marine Corps Osprey and Selected Department of the Navy Individual Aircraft Class A and B Accident Rates, by Aircraft Type, Fiscal Years 2015-2024 75

Table 12. Reported Air Force Osprey and Department of the Air Force Individual Aircraft Class A and B Accident Rates, by Aircraft Type, Fiscal Years 2015-2023 77

Figures 5

Figure 1. V-22 Osprey Variants and Capabilities 11

Figure 2. Osprey Class A-D Accidents and Fatalities, Fiscal Years 2007-2024 14

Figure 3. Aviation Accident Rate Calculation 15

Figure 4. Osprey Class A Accidents and Partial and Fleet-Wide Groundings, Fiscal Years 2022-2024 16

Figure 5. Marine Corps Osprey Class A and B Accident Rates, Fiscal Years (FY) 2015-2024 19

Figure 6. Air Force Osprey Class A and B Accident Rates, Fiscal Years (FY) 2015-2024 20

Figure 7. Aircraft Accident Rate Comparisons, Fiscal Years 2015-2024 22

Figure 8. Reported Causal Factors by Category for Marine Corps and Air Force Osprey Class A and B Accidents, Fiscal Years 2015-2024 24

Figure 9. Marine Corps Osprey Reported Causal Factors for Class A and B Accidents, Fiscal Years 2015-2024 26

Figure 10. Air Force Osprey Reported Causal Factors for Class A and B Accidents, Fiscal Years 2015-2024 27

Figure 11. Summary of Osprey System Safety Risk Assessments as of June 2025 31

Figure 12. Marine Corps, Air Force, and Navy Osprey Aircrew Flying Hours and Recent Grounding Periods, Fiscal Years 2015-2024 35

Figure 13. Summary and Median Age of Unresolved Osprey System Safety Risk Assessments, by Assessment Type as of June 2025 38

Figure 14. Factors Affecting Osprey Program’s Ability to Resolve Safety Risks 40

Figure 15. Summary Examples of Unit Personnel Statements Regarding Access to Safety Information 46

Figure 16. Summary Examples of Unit Personnel Statements Regarding Sharing Aircraft Knowledge 49

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