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Title page 1

Contents 3

Highlights 2

Letter 5

Background 10

FHWA's Federal-Aid Highway Program 10

FHWA's "Dig Once" Rule 11

Most States Reported Their DOT Employs a Coordinator to Facilitate Broadband Deployment 14

Employment and Tenure 14

Coordinator Responsibilities 15

Many States Reported Establishing Registration and Notification Processes, but Some Cited Implementation Challenges 17

Registration Processes 18

Notification Processes 21

Reported Challenges 22

States Reported Coordinating Across Agencies to Facilitate Broadband Infrastructure Deployment 23

Coordination with Federal Agencies 23

Coordination with State and Local Agencies 25

States and Stakeholders Indicated the Effects of FHWA's "Dig Once" Requirements Are Not Well Known 26

Effects on Broadband Infrastructure Deployment 27

Coordination Benefits 28

Agency Comments 30

Appendix I: Survey of State Broadband Utility Coordinators 32

Appendix II: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 43

Figures 3

Figure 1. Example of Excavation to Install Fiber Optic Cables in a Federal-Aid Highway Right-of-Way 7

Figure 2. Timeline of FHWA Broadband Infrastructure Deployment Rulemaking and Related Actions 11

Figure 3. Length of Service of States' Broadband Utility Coordinators as of May 2025 15

Figure 4. Areas of Responsibility of States' Broadband Utility Coordinators as of May 2025 16

Figure 5. Status of States' Implementation of the Federal Highway Administration's Broadband Infrastructure Registration and Notification Process Requirements as of May 2025 18

Figure 6. Example of Fields in a State's Broadband Infrastructure Entity Registration Form 20

Figure 7. Frequency of States' Notifications to Broadband Providers and Other Entities About Their State Transportation Improvement Programs as of May 2025 21

Figure 8. Topics of Coordination Between States' Broadband Utility Coordinators and Federal Agencies as of May 2025 23

Figure 9. Topics of Coordination Between States' Broadband Utility Coordinators and Other State Agencies as of May 2025 25

Figure 10. Example of State Mapping of Broadband Infrastructure Deployment Along Interstate Highway Rights-of-Way 27