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Title page 1

Contents 3

Highlights 2

Letter 5

Background 8

BOP Roles and Responsibilities 12

Time Toward Prerelease Custody 12

BOP Does Not Know How Many Incarcerated Individuals are Eligible to Be in an RRC 15

BOP Does Not Have Enough RRC Capacity to Meet the Current Demand 19

BOP Has a Shortage of RRC Beds and Home Confinement Spaces 19

BOP Does Not Know the Full Extent of the RRC Capacity Shortage 21

BOP Has Not Taken Key Actions to Help Address RRC Capacity Challenges 23

BOP Reported Resource and Other Challenges to Ensuring Sufficient RRC Capacity 23

BOP's Market Analysis is Not Consistent with Some Leading Practices for Modeling 26

BOP Typically Paid RRCs and Other Contractors Late, Resulting in Millions in Interest Penalties 28

Selected Residents Reported a Range of Perspectives on RRCs 31

Conclusions 35

Recommendations for Executive Action 36

Agency Comments 37

Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 38

Appendix II: Federal Bureau of Prisons Data on Residential Reentry Center Population 42

Appendix III: Comments from the Federal Bureau of Prisons 44

Appendix IV: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 48

Tables 3

Table 1. Gender of Individuals in BOP Custody Who Entered a Residential Reentry Center from October 1, 2020, through July 26, 2024 42

Table 2. Race of Individuals in BOP Custody Who Entered a Residential Reentry Center from October 1, 2020, through July 26, 2024 42

Table 3. Ethnicity of Individuals in BOP Custody Who Entered a Residential Reentry Center from October 1, 2020, through July 26, 2024 42

Table 4. Total Number of Days in a Residential Reentry Center (RRC) for all Individuals who entered an RRC, from October 1, 2020, through July 26, 2024 43

Figures 4

Figure 1. Example of an Individual’s Path to Prelease Custody, Including Residential Reentry Centers and Home Confinement 9

Figure 2. Percentage of BOP Population in Prerelease Custody, Fiscal Years 2015-2024 10

Figure 3. Examples of Rooms and Spaces at Residential Reentry Centers 20

Figure 4. BOP Late Payments to Residential Reentry Centers (RRCs) and Other Contractors, October 2021-March 2025 29