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Title page 1

Contents 3

December quarter 2025 - Petrol snapshot 5

Key messages 6

1. Petrol price movements 7

1.1. Quarterly retail petrol prices were higher on average across the 5 largest cities but lower on an annual basis 7

1.2. Retail and other wholesale costs and margins were the main contributors to higher quarterly retail prices 8

1.3. Crude oil and international refined petrol prices were lower on average in the quarter, and fluctuated in early 2026 10

1.4. Average gross indicative retail differences increased in the quarter 13

1.5. Petrol price cycles vary across the 5 largest cities 15

1.6. The average price differential increased slightly between premium unleaded petrol 98 and regular unleaded petrol 19

1.7. Quarterly average retail petrol prices were higher in Canberra, Hobart and Darwin 21

1.8. Regional average retail petrol prices increased 22

2. Diesel price movements 24

2.1. Quarterly average retail diesel prices were higher in all capital cities 24

2.2. Retail diesel prices generally reflected trends in Gasoil 10 ppm prices 25

2.3. Retail diesel prices do not move in price cycles 26

3. Developments in the petroleum industry 27

3.1. Regular unleaded petrol sales volumes were higher in the quarter 27

3.2. Impact of retail fuel prices on inflation 28

3.3. Improved fuel and vehicle emissions standards commenced as Viva Energy completed refinery upgrades 28

3.4. The Australian Government introduced a cash acceptance mandate at fuel and grocery retailers 29

3.5. The National Measurement Institute reported on fuel dispenser compliance and fuel quality audits in 2024-25 29

3.6. The Victorian Government provided further guidance on phase 2 of its Fair Fuel Plan 30

3.7. Large promotional discounts on fuel offered at retail site openings 30

3.8. Developments in electric vehicle sales 31

3.9. Electric vehicle and charging network developments 31

Appendix A. ACCC activities 34

Appendix B. International influences on crude oil prices 37

Appendix C. Quarterly average petrol gross indicative retail differences 39

Appendix D. Retail premium unleaded petrol and E10 price movements 41

Appendix E. Petrol price data for monitored locations 43

Appendix F. Components of automotive liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) prices 49

Tables 17

Table 1.1. Annual average regular unleaded petrol price cycle increases in each of the 5 largest cities in nominal terms: 2024 and 2025 17

Figures 7

Figure 1.1. Seven-day rolling average retail petrol prices across the 5 largest cities in nominal terms 7

Figure 1.2. Changes in the components of average retail petrol prices across the 5 largest cities - cents per litre (cpl) 9

Figure 1.3. Monthly average retail petrol prices across the 5 largest cities and Mogas 95 prices in nominal terms 10

Figure 1.4. Weekly average Brent crude oil and Mogas 95 prices in nominal terms 11

Figure 1.5. Twelve-month average gross indicative retail differences across the 5 largest cities in real terms 14

Figure 1.6. Daily average retail petrol prices in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane 15

Figure 1.7. Daily average retail petrol prices in Adelaide and Perth 16

Figure 1.8. Daily average retail regular unleaded petrol prices across Caltex, Reddy Express and Shell branded sites, and Perth average terminal... 18

Figure 1.9. Quarterly average price differentials between premium and regular unleaded petrol grades across the 5 largest cities - cents per litre 19

Figure 1.10. Quarterly average price differential between E10 and regular unleaded petrol across Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane - cents per litre 20

Figure 1.11. Daily average retail petrol prices in Canberra, Hobart and Darwin 21

Figure 1.12. Quarterly difference between average regional retail petrol prices and average capital city retail petrol prices by state/territory - cents per litre (cpl) 23

Figure 2.1. Quarterly average retail diesel prices in the capital cities in the December quarter 2025 - cents per litre 24

Figure 2.2. Components of average retail diesel prices across the 5 largest cities in the December quarter 2025 - in percentage and cents per litre (cpl) terms 25

Figure 2.3. Seven-day rolling average retail diesel prices across the 5 largest cities and Gasoil 10 ppm prices in nominal terms 26

Figure 3.1. Quarterly sales volumes by fuel type in Australia 27

Appendix Tables 40

Table C.1. Quarterly average retail petrol prices, terminal gate prices and gross indicative retail differences in each of the 5 largest cities- cents per litre (cpl) 40

Table E.1. Quarterly average retail petrol prices in the September quarter 2025 and the December quarter 2025, and differentials in the December... 43

Appendix Figures 37

Figure B.1. Key influences on crude oil prices 37

Figure D.1. Monthly average retail prices of regular unleaded petrol, premium unleaded petrol 95 and 98 across the 5 largest cities in nominal terms 41

Figure D.2. Monthly average retail prices of regular unleaded petrol and E10 across Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane in nominal terms 42

Figure F.1. Components of average retail liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) prices across the 5 largest cities in the December quarter 2025... 49

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