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Title page 1

Contents 3

Highlights 2

Letter 6

Background 11

Museum Governance Structure 11

Characteristics of Museum Facilities 11

IMLS Roles and Other Federal Resources 15

An Estimated Three-Quarters of Museums Identified Health or Safety Concerns from Building Conditions; Older Buildings... 17

An Estimated 73 Percent of Museums Identified a Potential Health or Safety Concern, with 49 Percent Citing a Concern Related... 17

An Estimated 77 Percent of Museums Identified at Least One Building Issue That Puts Collections or Exhibits at Potential Risk 23

An Estimated 32 Percent of Museums Identified at Least One Building System in Poor Condition 27

Some Museums Report Facing Facility and Resiliency Challenges Related to Aging Buildings 32

Total Cost for Facility Repair Needs Is Unknown, but Most Museums Report Persistent or Growing Deferred Maintenance Backlogs 35

Absence of Data and Limitations in Resources and Staff Expertise Are Challenges to Estimating Nationwide Facility Repair Costs 35

An Estimated 85 Percent of Museums Report Having a Deferred Maintenance Backlog, and 38 Percent Report an Increasing... 36

Museums Identified Funding Availability and Construction Costs as Key Challenges to Addressing Facility Repair Needs 42

Agency Comments 48

Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 49

Appendix II: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 56

Tables 3

Table 1. Description of the Stratification, Population Sizes, Sample Sizes, and Numbers of Completed Surveys for the Stratified... 52

Figures 3

Figure 1. Common Museum Building Features 14

Figure 2. Estimated Percentage of Museums Identifying Potential Health or Safety Concerns Related to Building Issues 18

Figure 3. Estimated Percentage of Museums Identifying Certain Physical Barriers to Accessibility in Their Primary Building 20

Figure 4. Accessibility Barriers in Museums 21

Figure 5. Estimated Percentage of Museums Constructed, by Time Period 22

Figure 6. Estimated Percentage of Museums Identifying Potential Risks to Collections or Exhibits Related to Building Issues 24

Figure 7. Museum Spaces Used for Collections Storage 25

Figure 8. Estimated Percentage of Museums Rating Primary Building System in Poor Condition 28

Figure 9. Water Intrusion Issues at Museums 31

Figure 10. Estimated Current Deferred Maintenance Backlog Identified by Museums 37

Figure 11. Estimated Amount That Museums Identified Spending in 2023 on Their Deferred Maintenance Backlog 38

Figure 12. Estimated Percentage of Museums Whose Deferred Maintenance Backlog Increased, Decreased, or Remained... 40

Figure 13. Estimated Percentage of Museums Expecting Deferred Maintenance to Increase, Decrease, or Remain the Same... 41

Figure 14. Estimated Percentage of Museums Rating a Challenge to Addressing Maintenance and Repair Needs as "Major" or "Moderate" 42

Figure 15. Estimated Percentage of Each Funding Source That Museums Used for Maintenance and Repairs from 2020-2024 44