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Title page 1
Contents 2
01. Main messages 4
Why this area is important 4
What we found and recommend 5
02. A closer look at our observations 10
International nuclear safety cooperation is relevant, but the Commission lacks a comprehensive and up-to-date strategic approach 10
International cooperation in nuclear safety is relevant given the transboundary nature of nuclear risks 10
The Commission lacks an up-to-date, comprehensive strategy guiding its intervention 11
Overall, selection of actions is based on well-defined nuclear safety needs, but lacks robust prioritisation 16
The Commission has established a well-grounded selection process based on specific nuclear safety needs 16
Selection of actions lacks scoring and ranking according to pre-defined criteria, reducing its transparency 18
From the outset, some actions were affected by maturity shortcomings or by insufficient demonstration of the need for EU funding 19
EU support contributed to the delivery of diverse and sometimes complex actions, but often faced delays, and, in some cases,... 21
The EU supported the delivery of a wide range of actions, including large and complex projects 21
Actions were often completed late and in some cases over budget 24
In some cases, long-term sustainability remains a significant challenge 29
The Commission's monitoring is in several aspects insufficient 31
The Commission relies on monitoring work done by third parties as regards the loan to Ukraine, without a clear framework of roles and responsibilities 32
In most cases, monitoring is focused on outputs, not actual improvements in nuclear safety 33
Annex I. About the audit 35
Annex II. List of contracts sampled 43
Abbreviations 44
Glossary 45
Replies of the Commission and the European External Action Service 47
Timeline 47
Audit team 48
Figures 17
Figure 1. Key steps in the adoption of annual action plan 17
Figure 2. Duration of actions funded by the INSC in the audited sample 25
Figure 3. Specific analysis of large-scale actions 26
Boxes 12
Box 1. Lack of a comprehensive and coherent approach in support to a nuclear power plant 12
Box 2. Large-scale actions funded by the INSC 22
Box 3. Persistent funding gap affecting ERA 27
Annex Figures 37
Figure 1. Number and age of reactors in operation worldwide 37
Figure 2. Evolution of EU grants for international nuclear safety cooperation under the TACIS and the INSC (in million euros) 38
Figure 3. 2014-2024 INSC contracted and paid amounts per location (in million euros) 40
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