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Title page 1

Contents 5

Acknowledgements 2

Executive summary 3

Introduction 6

Methodology and background on cases 6

Legal basis for General Assembly engagement on peace and security matters 9

Evaluating common General Assembly responses 11

Cessation of hostilities, ceasefires and other calls or measures to halt hostilities 11

Good offices and mediation 13

Identifying "acts of aggression" and other statements on Charter violations 16

Violations of human rights and international humanitarian law 17

Humanitarian access and response, including as relates to refugees or internally displaced persons 19

Provisions related to refugees and internally displaced persons 21

Withdrawal of foreign forces, armaments or materiel 23

Enforcement action, including sanctions and recommendations for use of force 24

Relationship with the Security Council and other bodies 26

Timing of General Assembly responses following vetoes 27

Nature of General Assembly responses in relation to Security Council resolutions 29

Relationship with other bodies 31

Conclusions on General Assembly practice with regard to conflict and use of force situations 32

Annex: Case studies 33

Bosnia and Herzegovina (1991-1996) 33

Kimberley Process (2000-present) 35

Kampuchea / Cambodia (1978-2003) 36

Sudan: Operation Lifeline Sudan (1989-2005) 38

Syrian Arab Republic (2011-2021) 40

Tables 7

Table 1. Examples of General Assembly responses to conflict or use of force situations 7