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Title page 1

Contents 5

ABSTRACT 4

ABBREVIATIONS 8

1. INTRODUCTION 10

2. DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY GOALS 12

2.1. The ACRS Proposed Approach to Quantitative Safety Goals 12

2.2. Other Early Safety Goal Proposals 17

2.2.1. Atomic Industrial Forum 17

2.2.2. Electric Power Research Institute 18

2.2.3. General Atomic Company 19

2.3. NRC Proposal on Safety Goals 21

2.4. Policy Statement on Safety Goals for the Operation of Nuclear Power Plants-1983 23

2.5. Evaluation of the 1983 Safety Goals 26

2.6. Final Policy Statement on Safety Goals for the Operation of Nuclear Power Plants-1986 27

3. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAFETY GOAL POLICY 31

3.1. Plans for Safety Goal Policy Implementation 31

3.2. The Safety Goal Policy and Its Relationship to the Concept of Adequate Protection 34

3.3. Definition of a Large Release for Use with the Safety Goal Policy 36

3.4. Implementation of the Safety Goal Policy within Regulatory Analysis 38

3.5. Consideration of Economic Consequences 40

3.6. Emergence of Large Early Release Frequency 42

3.7. Implementation of Safety Goal Policy for New Plants 43

3.8. Implementation of Safety Goal Policy within the Technology-Inclusive Regulatory Framework for Advanced Non-Light-Water Reactors 45

4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 48

5. REFERENCES 49

Tables 7

Table 1. ACRS Proposed Limits on Occurrence of Hazard States (ACRS, 1980a) 13

Table 2. ACRS Proposed Limits on Risks to Most Exposed Individuals (ACRS, 1980a) 14

Table 3. ACRS Proposed Limits on Societal Health Risks (ACRS, 1980a) 15

Table 4. ACRS Proposed Quantified ALARA Cost-Effectiveness Criteria (ACRS, 1980a) 16

Table 5. AIF Proposed Quantitative Safety Goals 17

Figures 6

Figure 1. GA-Proposed Quantitative Safety Goal-Individual Risk to Maximum Exposed Member of the Public (Adapted from Joksimovic and Houghton, 1981) 20

Figure 2. GA-Proposed Quantitative Safety Goal-Societal Risk (Adapted from Joksimovic and Houghton, 1981) 21

Figure 3. Safety Goal Screening Criteria of the Regulatory Analysis (Adapted from NUREG/BR-0058 (NRC, 1995b)) 39

Figure 4. Frequency-Consequence Target from NEI 18-04 (NEI, 2019) 46