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Title page 1

Contents 5

ABSTRACT 4

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 9

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 10

1. INTRODUCTION 11

2. THE SPE-2 INTERNATIONAL BENCHMARK TEST 13

3. SIMULATION MODELS CONSTRUCTED FOR THE SPE-2 EXPERIMENT 14

3.1. New RELAP5 Model 14

3.2. New TRACE Model 16

3.3. New APROS Model 18

3.4. Steady-State Parameters 20

4. QUALITATIVE EVALUATION OF THE SIMULATIONS 21

5. QUALITATIVE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE CALCULATIONS 29

5.1. RELAP5 Results 30

5.2. TRACE Results 33

5.3. APROS Results 36

6. QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF THE MODELS 38

6.1. Handling of Reference Water Levels in the Quantitative Methods 38

6.2. Evaluation of the Alternative Model Versions 42

7. SUMMARY 46

8. REFERENCES 47

Tables 8

Table 2-1. Main Features of the SPE-2 and SPE-4 Tests 13

Table 3-1. Discharge Coefficients for Choked Flow Modeling 14

Table 3-2. Steady-State Performance of the Models 20

Table 4-1. Sequence of Major Events 21

Table 5-1. Base and Alternative Model Versions 29

Table 6-1. Accuracy Categories of FFTBM and SARBM 38

Table 6-2. Parameter Set for the Quantitative Methods 39

Table 6-3. Accuracy Measures for SIT2 Water Level Calculations 39

Table 6-4. FFTBM-SM Quantification of Water Level Measurements based on 'Absolute' and 'Relative' Reference Points 40

Table 6-5. SARBM Quantification of Water Level Measurements based on 'Absolute' and 'Relative' Reference Points 41

Table 6-6. Comparison of Total Accuracies between the Codes and Alternatives (Relative Reference Points) 42

Table 6-7. Primary Pressure Accuracies for Base Models 42

Figures 6

Figure 1-1. Axonometric View of the PMK-2 Facility 11

Figure 3-1. RELAP5 Nodalization Scheme of the SPE-2 Experiment 15

Figure 3-2. TRACE Nodalization Scheme of the SPE-2 Experiment 17

Figure 3-3. APROS Nodalization Scheme of the SPE-2 Experiment 18

Figure 4-1. Primary Pressure (PR21) 22

Figure 4-2. Mass Flow of the Break Simulator (FL00) 23

Figure 4-3. RPV Coolant Level (LE11) 23

Figure 4-4. Secondary Pressure (PR81) 24

Figure 4-5. CL Loop-Seal Water Level (LE46) 25

Figure 4-6. HA2 Coolant Level (LE92) 25

Figure 4-7. HL Loop-Seal Coolant Level (LE31) 26

Figure 4-8. DC Coolant Level (LE61) 26

Figure 4-9. Heater Rod Cladding Temperature (TE15) 27

Figure 5-1. DC Top Region Modeling - RELAP5 30

Figure 5-2. Primary Pressure - RELAP5 Calculations 31

Figure 5-3. HA1 Coolant Level - RELAP5 Calculations 31

Figure 5-4. DC Coolant Level - RELAP5 Calculations 31

Figure 5-5. Mixture Mass Flow of the Break Valve - RELAP5 Calculations 31

Figure 5-6. RPV Coolant Level - RELAP5 Calculations 32

Figure 5-7. HL Loop-Seal Level - RELAP5 Calculations 32

Figure 5-8. Secondary Pressure - RELAP5 Calculations 32

Figure 5-9. DC Top Region Modeling - TRACE 33

Figure 5-10. HL Loop-Seal Level - TRACE Calculations 34

Figure 5-11. Primary Pressure - TRACE Calculations 34

Figure 5-12. HA1 Coolant Level - TRACE Calculations 34

Figure 5-13. RPV Coolant Level - TRACE Calculations 35

Figure 5-14. DC Coolant Level - TRACE Calculations 35

Figure 5-15. Mixture Mass Flow of the Break Valve - TRACE Calculations 35

Figure 5-16. HA1 Coolant Level - APROS Calculations 36

Figure 5-17. Primary Pressure - APROS Calculations 37

Figure 5-18. HL Loop-Seal Level - APROS Calculations 37

Figure 5-19. Heater Rod Cladding Temperature - APROS Calculations 37

Figure 6-1. Time-Dependent Accuracy of the UP Pressure (FFTBM-SM) 43

Figure 6-2. Time-Dependent Accuracy of the UP Pressure (SARBM) 43

Figure 6-3. Time-Dependent Total Accuracy of the Base Calculations (FFTBM-SM) 44

Figure 6-4. Time-Dependent Total Accuracy of the Base Calculations (SARBM) 44

Figure 6-5. Time-Dependent Total Average Accuracy of the Alternative TRACE Model Versions 44

Figure 6-6. Time-Dependent Total Average Accuracy of the Alternative RELAP5 Model Versions 44

Figure 6-7. Time-Dependent Total Average Accuracy of the Alternative APROS Model Versions 45

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